让MYSQL彻底支持中文

提要：系统自带的mysql默认字符集不是gbk,因此给数据库的推广应用以及中文程序的开发带来极大的不便,在没完没了的GBK和UTF8的转换过程中消耗了我们无数的精力以及系统的资源.经过摸索尝试解决了中文支持问题,经验与大家分享一下.

先将让slack支持中文,方法可以看"linuxsir.org 之Slackware讨论区",然后重新编译mysql,原来系统mysql的要先用卸载.

login:root

shell> removepkg mysql

shell> groupadd mysql

shell> cd /app

shell> mkdir mysql

shell> chmod 744 mysql

shell> useradd -G mysql -s /bin/bash –p /app/mysql mysql

shell> chown -R mysql.mysql mysql

下载mysql4.x.x

shell> gunzip < mysql-VERSION.tar.gz | tar -xvf -

shell> cd mysql-VERSION

shell> CFLAGS="-O3 -mcpu=pentium3" \

CXX=gcc \

XXFLAGS="-O3 -mcpu=pentium3 -felide-constructors" \

./configure --prefix=/app/mysql \

--with--charset=gbk \

--with-extra-charsets="gbk gb2312 big5 utf8"\

--with-unix-socket-path=/etc/mysql.sock \

--enable-local-infile \

--enable-thread-safe-client \

--enable-assembler \

--with-client-ldflags=-all-static \

--with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static

//-mcpu 根据CPU类型优化编译，可以让你的mysq表现更好!可选项目很多：i386, i486, i586, i686, pentium, pentium-mmx, pentiumpro, pentium2, pentium3, pentium4, k6, k6-2, k6-3, athlon, athlon-tbird, athlon-4, athlon-xp,athlon-mp,winchip-c6, winchip2 , c3.

shell> make

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错误时候

shell> make clean

再回上一步

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shell> make install

shell> cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

shell> cd /app/mysql

shell> bin/mysql_install_db --user=root

shell> chown -R root .

shell> chown -R mysql var

shell> chgrp -R mysql .

shell> ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=root --default-character-set=gbk &

shell> ./bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'

shell> ./bin/mysql -u root --default-character-set=gbk -p

mysql> status

...

Server characterset: gbk

Db characterset: gbk

Client characterset: gbk

Conn. characterset: gbk

....

看见characterset全是gbk就算成功了.

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在UTF8字符集的老数据库中,创建中文支持表脚本如下,对字段加上字符集说明

CREATE TABLE `test`.`cn` (

`zh` CHAR(10) CHARACTER SET gb2312 COLLATE gb2312_chinese_ci NOT NULL,

`中文` INT(11) NOT NULL

)

ENGINE = MYISAM;

注:CHARACTER SET 写GB2312 和gbk都可以,gbk优于gb2312.

对于新创建的数据库加个默认字符集声明GBK,就不用建表时候每个字段声明了,这样看起来简单流畅,没有特殊的痕迹,建议多采用这种方法.

mysql> CREATE DATABASE dbCN DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci;

CREATE TABLE `dbCN`.`cn` (

`zh` CHAR(10) NOT NULL,

`中文` INT(11) NOT NULL

)

ENGINE = MYISAM;

mysql> insert into cn values("真的?",1);

注:如果这些脚本用bin/mysql命令行是输入不了,可以 用mysql query Browser,或者编程执行.

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shell> bin/mysql -u root --default-character-set=gbk -p

mysql>use test

mysql> select * from cn;

+--------+------+

| zh | 中文 |

+--------+------+

| 真的?| 1 |

+--------+------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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最后修改启动文件/etc/rc.d/rc.mysqld

改路径/app/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe

改路径/app/mysql/var/web.pid

/app/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe 后面加入 --user=root --default-character-set=gbk