python中使用 xlwt 操作excel的常见方法与问题

前言

Python可以操作Excel的模块不止一种，我习惯使用的写入模块是xlwt（一般都是读写模块分开的）

python中使用xlwt操作excel非常方,和Java使用调框架apache poi相比这就是天堂啊，下面话不多说了，来一起看看详细的介绍吧

一.安装xlwt模块

pip3 install xlwt

二.简单使用xlwt

import xlwt #导入模块
workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8') #创建workbook 对象
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('sheet1') #创建工作表sheet
worksheet.write(0, 0, 'hello') #往表中写内容,第一各参数 行,第二个参数列,第三个参数内容
workbook.save('students.xls') #保存表为students.xls
#在Java中使用poi操作excel 在创建workbook对象的时候就需要写好表名,创建workbook对象完成后
#这个表就已经存在,但是使用xlwt 需要在最后调用保存的时候为表命名,并且只有调入save方法后才会#创建表

三.为内容设置style

workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('sheet1')
#设置字体样式
font = xlwt.Font()
#字体
font.name = 'Time New Roman'
#加粗
font.bold = True
#下划线
font.underline = True
#斜体
font.italic = True

#创建style
style = xlwt.XFStyle()
style.font = font
#根据样式创建workbook
worksheet.write(0, 1, 'world', style)
workbook.save('students.xls')

四.合并单元格

使用xlwt 合并单元格时不用像poi通过style来设置,直接创建和并单元格就可以,

workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('sheet1')
#通过worksheet调用merge()创建合并单元格
#第一个和第二个参数单表行合并,第三个和第四个参数列合并,

#合并第0列到第2列的单元格
worksheet.write_merge(0, 0, 0, 2, 'first merge')

#合并第1行第2行第一列的单元格
worksheet.write_merge(0, 1, 0, 0, 'first merge')

workbook.save('students.xls')

如果需要了解具体调合并单元格规则就自己试着合并,查看合并效果.才能清晰明了

五.设置单元格的对齐方式

workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('sheet1')
alignment = xlwt.Alignment()
# 水平居中
alignment.horz = xlwt.Alignment.HORZ_CENTER
# 垂直居中
alignment.vert = xlwt.Alignment.VERT_CENTER
style = xlwt.XFStyle()
style.alignment = alignment
#设置单元格宽度
worksheet.col(0).width = 6666

#设置单元格的高度
worksheet.row(0).height_mismatch = True
worksheet.row(0).height = 1000

worksheet.write(0, 0, 'hello world', style)
workbook.save('center.xls')

六.设置单元格调边框

workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('sheet1')
border = xlwt.Borders()
# DASHED虚线
# NO_LINE没有
# THIN实线
border.left = xlwt.Borders.THIN
# 设置颜色
border.left_coloure = 0x40b
border.right = xlwt.Borders.THIN

border.right_colour = 0x40b
border.top = xlwt.Borders.THIN

border.top_colour = 0x40b
border.bottom = xlwt.Borders.THIN

border.bottom_colour = 0x40b
style = xlwt.XFStyle()

style.borders = border
worksheet.write(0, 0, 'love', style)
workbook.save('dashed.xls')

七.设置单元格边框

workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('sheet1')

border = xlwt.Borders()
# DASHED虚线
# NO_LINE没有
# THIN实线
border.left = xlwt.Borders.THIN
border.right = xlwt.Borders.THIN
border.top = xlwt.Borders.THIN
border.bottom = xlwt.Borders.THIN

style = xlwt.XFStyle()
style.borders = border
worksheet.write(1, 1, 'love', style)

workbook.save('dashed.xls')

八.设置单元格背景色

workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('sheet1')
pattern = xlwt.Pattern()
pattern.pattern = xlwt.Pattern.SOLID_PATTERN

# 8 through 63
# 0 = Black, 1 = White,
# 2 = Red, 3 = Green, 4 = Blue,
# 5 = Yellow, 6 = Magenta, 7 = Cyan,
# 16 = Maroon, 17 = Dark Green,
# 18 = Dark Blue, 19 = Dark Yellow ,
# almost brown), 20 = Dark Magenta,
# 21 = Teal, 22 = Light Gray,
# 23 = Dark Gray, the list goes on...

pattern.pattern_fore_colour = 3
style = xlwt.XFStyle()
style.pattern = pattern
worksheet.write(1, 1, 'shit', style)
workbook.save('shit.xls')

九.设置字体颜色

workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('sheet1')

font = xlwt.Font()
# 设置字体为红色
font.colour_index=xlwt.Style.colour_map['red']

style = xlwt.XFStyle()

style.font = font

worksheet.write(0, 1, 'world', style)
workbook.save('students.xls')

遇到的问题:

1.PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: 'dashed.xls'

原因:测试写入调时候文件被打开了,无法写入,关闭文件后再写入就ok了

2.TypeError: 'module' object is not callable

创建style的时候调错对象将

style = xlwt.Style()

改为

style = xlwt.XFStyle()

来源：https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000017866070