Python GUI之tkinter详解

展示

import tkinter
if __name__ == '__main__':
   win = tkinter.Tk()
    #设置标题
   win.title("我的世界")
    #设置宽和高
   win.geometry('800x600')
    #创建画布，设置背景色，高，宽
   canvas = tkinter.Canvas(win,bg='#EBEBEB',width=800,height=1200,xscrollincrement = 1,
               yscrollincrement = 1)
   x0,y0 = 100,100
   # 创建一个圆,填充红色，轮廓白色
   oval = canvas.create_oval(x0-5,y0-5,x0+5,y0+5,fill='#ff0000',outline="#000000",tags="node")
   canvas.create_text(x0,y0-10,text='('+str(x0) +','+str(y0)+')',fill='black',tags="text")
   p1 = (x0,y0)
    x0, y0 = 120,170
   oval = canvas.create_oval(x0 - 5, y0 - 5, x0 + 5, y0 + 5, fill='#ff0000', outline="#000000", tags="node")
   canvas.create_text(x0, y0 - 10, text='(' + str(x0) + ',' + str(y0) + ')', fill='black',tags="text")
   p2 = (x0, y0)
    #连线
   canvas.create_line(p1, p2, fill='#000000', tags="line")
    canvas.pack(expand = tkinter.YES, fill = tkinter.BOTH)
    #删除tags = "text"
   # canvas.delete("text")
    win.mainloop()

from tkinter import *
import random
if __name__ == '__main__':
   win = Tk()
    #设置标题
   win.title("我的世界")
    #设置宽和高
   win.geometry('800x600')
   frame = Frame(win)
    #创建画布，设置背景色，高，宽
   canvas = Canvas(frame,bg='#EBEBEB',width=800,height=800,scrollregion=(0,0,2000,1200))
   pos = [[565.0,575.0],[25.0,185.0],[345.0,750.0],[945.0,685.0],[845.0,655.0],
                       [880.0,660.0],[25.0,230.0],[525.0,1000.0],[580.0,1175.0],[650.0,1130.0],
                       [1605.0,620.0],[1220.0,580.0],[1465.0,200.0],[1530.0,  5.0],[845.0,680.0],
                       [725.0,370.0],[145.0,665.0],[415.0,635.0],[510.0,875.0],[560.0,365.0],
                       [300.0,465.0],[520.0,585.0],[480.0,415.0],[835.0,625.0],[975.0,580.0],
                       [1215.0,245.0],[1320.0,315.0],[1250.0,400.0],[660.0,180.0],[410.0,250.0],
                       [420.0,555.0],[575.0,665.0],[1150.0,1160.0],[700.0,580.0],[685.0,595.0],
                       [685.0,610.0],[770.0,610.0],[795.0,645.0],[720.0,635.0],[760.0,650.0],
                       [475.0,960.0],[95.0,260.0],[875.0,920.0],[700.0,500.0],[555.0,815.0],
                       [830.0,485.0],[1170.0, 65.0],[830.0,610.0],[605.0,625.0],[595.0,360.0],
                       [1340.0,725.0],[1740.0,245.0]]
   for x,y in pos:
       canvas.create_oval(x - 5, y - 5, x + 5, y + 5, fill='#ff0000', outline="#000000", tags="node")
       canvas.create_text(x, y - 10, text='(' + str(x) + ',' + str(y) + ')', fill='black', tags="text")
    length = len(pos)
   path = [x for x in range(length)]
   random.shuffle(path)
    for i in range(length-1):
       canvas.create_line(pos[i], pos[i+1], fill='#000000', tags="line")
    hbar = Scrollbar(frame,orient=HORIZONTAL)  # 定义水平滚动条
   hbar.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=X)  # 放置水平滚动条在最下侧,占满X轴
   hbar.config(command=canvas.xview)# 设置水平滚动条的函数与画布的X轴滚动条事件绑定
   vbar = Scrollbar(frame,orient=VERTICAL)  # 定义垂直滚动条
   vbar.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y)  # 放置垂直滚动条在最右侧,占满Y轴
   vbar.config(command=canvas.yview)# 设置垂直滚动条的函数与画布的Y轴滚动条事件绑定
    canvas.config(xscrollcommand=hbar.set, yscrollcommand=vbar.set) # 设置画布的X,Y轴滚动条函数与垂直滚动条绑定
   canvas.pack(expand=True, fill=BOTH)
   frame.pack(expand=True, fill=BOTH)
   #删除tags = "text"
   # canvas.delete("text")
    win.mainloop()

多线程

import time
from tkinter import *
import random
import threading
pos = [[565.0,575.0],[25.0,185.0],[345.0,750.0],[945.0,685.0],[845.0,655.0],
                       [880.0,660.0],[25.0,230.0],[525.0,1000.0],[580.0,1175.0],[650.0,1130.0],
                       [1605.0,620.0],[1220.0,580.0],[1465.0,200.0],[1530.0,  5.0],[845.0,680.0],
                       [725.0,370.0],[145.0,665.0],[415.0,635.0],[510.0,875.0],[560.0,365.0],
                       [300.0,465.0],[520.0,585.0],[480.0,415.0],[835.0,625.0],[975.0,580.0],
                       [1215.0,245.0],[1320.0,315.0],[1250.0,400.0],[660.0,180.0],[410.0,250.0],
                       [420.0,555.0],[575.0,665.0],[1150.0,1160.0],[700.0,580.0],[685.0,595.0],
                       [685.0,610.0],[770.0,610.0],[795.0,645.0],[720.0,635.0],[760.0,650.0],
                       [475.0,960.0],[95.0,260.0],[875.0,920.0],[700.0,500.0],[555.0,815.0],
                       [830.0,485.0],[1170.0, 65.0],[830.0,610.0],[605.0,625.0],[595.0,360.0],
                       [1340.0,725.0],[1740.0,245.0]]
win = Tk()
#设置标题
win.title("我的世界")
#设置宽和高
win.geometry('800x600')
frame = Frame(win)
#创建画布，设置背景色，高，宽
canvas = Canvas(frame,bg='#EBEBEB',width=800,height=800,scrollregion=(0,0,2000,1200))
for x,y in pos:
   canvas.create_oval(x - 5, y - 5, x + 5, y + 5, fill='#ff0000', outline="#000000", tags="node")
   canvas.create_text(x, y - 10, text='(' + str(x) + ',' + str(y) + ')', fill='black', tags="text")
hbar = Scrollbar(frame,orient=HORIZONTAL)  # 定义水平滚动条
hbar.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=X)  # 放置水平滚动条在最下侧,占满X轴
hbar.config(command=canvas.xview)# 设置水平滚动条的函数与画布的X轴滚动条事件绑定
vbar = Scrollbar(frame,orient=VERTICAL)  # 定义垂直滚动条
vbar.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y)  # 放置垂直滚动条在最右侧,占满Y轴
vbar.config(command=canvas.yview)# 设置垂直滚动条的函数与画布的Y轴滚动条事件绑定
canvas.config(xscrollcommand=hbar.set, yscrollcommand=vbar.set) # 设置画布的X,Y轴滚动条函数与垂直滚动条绑定
canvas.pack(expand=True, fill=BOTH)
frame.pack(expand=True, fill=BOTH)
def run():
   length = len(pos)
   path = [x for x in range(length)]
   random.shuffle(path)
   time.sleep(1)
    for i in range(length - 1):
       canvas.create_line(pos[i], pos[i + 1], fill='#000000', tags="line", arrow=LAST, width=1)
       time.sleep(1)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    #删除tags = "text"
   # canvas.delete("text")
    t = threading.Thread(target=run)
   t.start()
    win.mainloop()

暂定版本

个人知识还是不够，里面还有很多小bug，容我再思考思考

import time
from tkinter import *
import random
import sys
import threading
class TSP(object):
   def __init__(self,root,cities:list[list]):
       self.__root = root
       self.__root.geometry('800x600')
       self.__root.title("TSP蚁群算法(n:初始化 e:开始搜索 s:停止搜索 c:继续搜索 q:退出程序)")
       self.__frame = Frame(root)
       self.__canvas = Canvas(self.__frame,bg='#EBEBEB',width=800,height=800,scrollregion=(0,0,2000,1200))
        hbar = Scrollbar(self.__frame, orient=HORIZONTAL)  # 定义水平滚动条
       hbar.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=X)  # 放置水平滚动条在最下侧,占满X轴
       hbar.config(command=self.__canvas.xview)  # 设置水平滚动条的函数与画布的X轴滚动条事件绑定
       vbar = Scrollbar(self.__frame, orient=VERTICAL)  # 定义垂直滚动条
       vbar.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y)  # 放置垂直滚动条在最右侧,占满Y轴
       vbar.config(command=self.__canvas.yview)  # 设置垂直滚动条的函数与画布的Y轴滚动条事件绑定
        self.__canvas.config(xscrollcommand=hbar.set, yscrollcommand=vbar.set)  # 设置画布的X,Y轴滚动条函数与垂直滚动条绑定
       self.__canvas.pack(expand=True, fill=BOTH)
       self.__frame.pack(expand=True, fill=BOTH)
       self.setCity(cities)
        self.__lock = threading.RLock()  # 线程锁
       self.__bindEvents()
        self.__new()
    def setCity(self,cities:list[list]):
       self.__cities = cities
   def sefPathsAndValues(self,paths:[list],values:list):
       self.__paths = paths
       self.__values = values
    # 按键响应程序
   def __bindEvents(self):
       self.__root.bind("q", self.__quite)  # 退出程序
       self.__root.bind("n", self.__new)  # 初始化
       self.__root.bind("e", self.__search_path)  # 开始搜索
       self.__root.bind("s", self.__stop)  # 停止搜索
       self.__root.bind("c", self.__continue)  # 继续搜索
    #初始化
   def __new(self,event=None):
       self.__lock.acquire()       #上锁
       self.__running = False      #标志位
       self.__lock.release()       #释放锁
        for x, y in self.__cities:
           self.__canvas.create_oval(x - 5, y - 5, x + 5, y + 5, fill='#ff0000', outline="#000000", tags="node")
           self.__canvas.create_text(x, y - 10, text='(' + str(x) + ',' + str(y) + ')', fill='black', tags="text")
   def __quite(self,event=None):
       self.__lock.acquire()  # 上锁
       self.__running = False  # 标志位
       self.__lock.release()  # 释放锁
       self.__root.destroy()
       print(u"\n程序已退出...")
       sys.exit()
       # 停止搜索
    def __stop(self,event=None):
       self.__lock.acquire()  # 上锁
       self.__running = False  # 标志位
       self.__lock.release()  # 释放锁
   def __line(self,path:list):
       self.__canvas.delete("line")
       i = 0
       while self.__running:
           if i == len(self.__cities) -1:
               break
           p1, p2 = self.__cities[path[i]], self.__cities[path[i + 1]]
           self.__canvas.create_line(p1, p2, fill='#000000', tags="line",
                                     arrow=LAST, width=1)
           self.__canvas.update()
           self.__canvas.after(500)
           i = i+1
    # 开始搜索
   def __search_path(self,event=None):
       self.__lock.acquire()  # 上锁
       self.__running = True  # 标志位
       self.__lock.release()  # 释放锁
        while self.__running:
           x = random.randint(10,100)
           label = Label(self.__canvas,text="最佳路径总距离:"+str(x)).place(x=10,y=30)
           self.__canvas.update()
           path = [x for x in range(len(self.__cities))]
           random.shuffle(path)
           self.__line(path)
    def __continue(self,event=None):
       self.__lock.acquire()  # 上锁
       self.__running = True  # 标志位
       self.__lock.release()  # 释放锁
   def mainloop(self):
       self.__root.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
    tsp = TSP(Tk(),cities)
   tsp.mainloop()

来源：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_48180029/article/details/120638034