Django+RestFramework API接口及接口文档并返回json数据操作
作者:xingjidemimi 时间:2021-05-29 21:43:57
系统:ubuntu18.04 x64
GitHub:https://github.com/xingjidemimi/DjangoAPI.git
安装
pip install django==2.1.5
pip install djangorestframework # rest api
pip install coreapi pygments markdown # 自动化接口文档
API示例
创建django项目
django-admin startproject DjangoAPI
创建应用
cd DjangoAPI
python manage.py startapp apiApp
项目代码
修改settings.py,添加应用到配置中
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'rest_framework', # 添加rest_framework应用
'apiApp', # 添加apiApp应用
]
执行数据库迁移
python manage.py migrate
创建管理员,会提示输入用户名:ubuntu,邮箱:ubuntu@ubuntu.ubuntu,密码:ubuntu123456
python manage.py createsuperuser
修改/api/models.py,创建数据库模型。
from django.db import models
class Test(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(u'姓名', max_length=100, default='no_name')
sex = models.CharField(u'性别', max_length=10, default='male')
age = models.CharField(u'年龄', max_length=3, default='0')
def __unicode__(self):
return '%d: %s' % (self.pk, self.name)
创建模型后执行:
python manage.py makemigrations # 生成数据库迁移文件
python manage.py migrate # 执行数据库迁移
修改/api/admin.py,写后台管理代码
from django.contrib import admin
from apiApp.models import Test
# Register your models here.
@admin.register(Test)
class BlogTypeAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('pk', 'name') # 在后台列表下显示的字段
运行项目
python manage.py runserver
出现如下内容表明成功:
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
January 23, 2019 - 08:28:09
Django version 2.1.5, using settings 'DjangoAPI.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.
浏览器输入:
http://127.0.0.1:8000/ # 出现django成功的界面
http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin # 进入管理后台
序列化模型类,在/api/下创建serializers.py,返回json数据
from rest_framework import serializers
from apiApp.models import Test
class TestSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Test # 指定的模型类
fields = ('pk', 'name', 'sex', 'age',) # 需要序列化的属性
修改/api/views.py,视图
from django.shortcuts import render
from rest_framework import viewsets
from apiApp.models import Test
from apiApp.serializers import TestSerializers
class TestViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
# 指定结果集并设置排序
queryset = Test.objects.all().order_by('-pk')
# 指定序列化的类
serializer_class = TestSerializers
修改/urls.py/,配置主路由
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('', include('apiApp.urls')), # 添加应用的路由地址
]
在/api/下创建urls.py,配置应用路由
from django.conf.urls import include
from django.urls import path
from rest_framework import routers
from apiApp import views
from rest_framework.documentation import include_docs_urls
API_TITLE = 'API Documents'
API_DESCRIPTION = 'API Information'
# 定义路由地址
route = routers.DefaultRouter()
# 注册新的路由地址
route.register(r'test', views.TestViewSet)
# 注册上一级的路由地址并添加
urlpatterns = [
path('', include(route.urls)),
# 接口文档路由
path(r'docs/', include_docs_urls(title=API_TITLE, description=API_DESCRIPTION, authentication_classes=[], permission_classes=[]))
]
运行项目
python manage.py runserver
打开浏览器输入:
http://127.0.0.1:8000 # api主页
点击主页提供的链接http://127.0.0.1:8000/test进入下一级目录
http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs进入接口文档
使用Postman测试工具测试api数据
进入ubuntusoftware应用商店,搜索postman进行安装
在postman中输入http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/student点击send,并返回json数据。
来源:https://blog.csdn.net/xingjidemimi/article/details/86694280