使用Python编写一个简单的tic-tac-toe游戏的教程

 这个教程，我们将展示如何用python创建一个井字游戏。 其中我们将使用函数、数组、if条件语句、while循环语句和错误捕获等。

首先我们需要创建两个函数，第一个函数用来显示游戏板:
 

def print_board():
 for i in range(0,3):
   for j in range(0,3):
     print map[2-i][j],
     if j != 2:
       print "|",
   print ""

这我们使用两个for循环来遍历map，该map是一个包含了位置信息的二维数组。

游戏板看起来是这样的:
 

|  |
|  |
|  |

X | X |
O | X | O
| O | X

X | X | X
X | X | X
X | X | X

 
下面我们需要一个函数check_done()来检查游戏是否结束。如果结束，则返回True并打印消息。
 

def check_done():
 for i in range(0,3):
   if map[i][0] == map[i][1] == map[i][2] != " " \
   or map[0][i] == map[1][i] == map[2][i] != " ":
     print turn, "won!!!"
     return True

if map[0][0] == map[1][1] == map[2][2] != " " \
 or map[0][2] == map[1][1] == map[2][0] != " ":
   print turn, "won!!!"
   return True

if " " not in map[0] and " " not in map[1] and " " not in map[2]:
   print "Draw"
   return True

return False

有几个地方需要检查，首先检查水平和垂直方向，是否有一行或一列不为空且包含有三个相同的符号，然后我们再检查斜方向。如果上面有一个方向满足，游戏结束并打印“Won!!!”。请注意检查变量改变，它用来标记当前是哪一位玩家。

同时我们需要检查当前游戏板是否被填满且没有人获胜，游戏平局。

有了上面的两个函数，下面我们创建3个变量:
 

turn = "X"
map = [[" "," "," "],
   [" "," "," "],
   [" "," "," "]]
done = False

    turn : 轮到谁
    map : 游戏板
    done : 游戏是否结束

现在启动游戏:
 

while done != True:
 print_board()

print turn, "'s turn"
 print

moved = False
 while moved != True:

这里使用了while循环直到游戏结束并返回true.在这个循环里面，使用了另外一个while循环来检查玩家是否移动，如果玩家没有移动，则程序会跳到下一次循环。

下一步告诉玩家怎么玩:
 

print "Please select position by typing in a number between 1 and 9, see below for which number that is which position..."
   print "7|8|9"
   print "4|5|6"
   print "1|2|3"
   print

try:
     pos = input("Select: ")
     if pos <=9 and pos >=1:

我们期望玩家输入一个数字，检查该数字是否是在1到9之间。另外，我们这里需要一段错误处理逻辑，我们还需要需要检查玩家是否能移动到一个位置:
 

Y = pos/3
       X = pos％3
       if X != 0:
         X -=1
       else:
          X = 2
          Y -=1

以下是全部的代码:
 

def print_board():
 for i in range(0,3):
   for j in range(0,3):
     print map[2-i][j],
     if j != 2:
       print "|",
   print ""

def check_done():
 for i in range(0,3):
   if map[i][0] == map[i][1] == map[i][2] != " " \
   or map[0][i] == map[1][i] == map[2][i] != " ":
     print turn, "won!!!"
     return True

if map[0][0] == map[1][1] == map[2][2] != " " \
 or map[0][2] == map[1][1] == map[2][0] != " ":
   print turn, "won!!!"
   return True

if " " not in map[0] and " " not in map[1] and " " not in map[2]:
   print "Draw"
   return True

return False

turn = "X"
map = [[" "," "," "],
   [" "," "," "],
   [" "," "," "]]
done = False

while done != True:
 print_board()

print turn, "'s turn"
 print

moved = False
 while moved != True:
   print "Please select position by typing in a number between 1 and 9,\
   see below for which number that is which position..."
   print "7|8|9"
   print "4|5|6"
   print "1|2|3"
   print

try:
     pos = input("Select: ")
     if pos <=9 and pos >=1:
       Y = pos/3
       X = pos％3
       if X != 0:
         X -=1
       else:
          X = 2
          Y -=1

if map[Y][X] == " ":
         map[Y][X] = turn
         moved = True
         done = check_done()

if done == False:
           if turn == "X":
             turn = "O"
           else:
             turn = "X"

except:
     print "You need to add a numeric value"