python队列通信:rabbitMQ的使用(实例讲解)

作者:ywq935 时间:2021-01-11 05:04:55 

(一)、前言

为什么引入消息队列?

1.程序解耦

2.提升性能

3.降低多业务逻辑复杂度

(二)、python操作rabbit mq

rabbitmq配置安装基本使用参见上节文章,不再复述。

若想使用python操作rabbitmq,需安装pika模块,直接pip安装:

pip install pika

1.最简单的rabbitmq producer端与consumer端对话:

producer:


#Author :ywq
import pika
auth=pika.PlainCredentials('ywq','qwe') #save auth indo
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
 '192.168.0.158',5672,'/',auth)) #connect to rabbit
channel = connection.channel() #create channel
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello') #declare queue
#n RabbitMQ a message can never be sent directly to the queue, it always needs to go through an exchange.
channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
  routing_key='hello',
  body='Hello World!') #the body is the msg content
print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'")
connection.close()

consumer:


#Author :ywq
import pika
auth=pika.PlainCredentials('ywq','qwe') #auth info
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
 '192.168.0.158',5672,'/',auth)) #connect to rabbit
channel = connection.channel()  #create channel

channel.queue_declare(queue='hello') #decalre queue
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" [x] Received %r" % body)

channel.basic_consume(callback,
  queue='hello',
  no_ack=True)
print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()

消息传递消费过程中,可以在rabbit web管理页面实时查看队列消息信息。

python队列通信:rabbitMQ的使用(实例讲解)

2.持久化的消息队列,避免宕机等意外情况造成消息队列丢失。

consumer端无需改变,在producer端代码内加上两个属性,分别使消息持久化、队列持久化,只选其一还是会出现消息丢失,必须同时开启:


delivery_mode=2 #make msg persisdent
durable=True

属性插入位置见如下代码(producer端):


#Author :ywq
import pika,sys
auth_info=pika.PlainCredentials('ywq','qwe')
connection=pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
 '192.168.0.158',5672,'/',auth_info
))
channel=connection.channel()
channel.queue_declare(queue='test1',durable=True) #durable=Ture, make queue persistent

msg=''.join(sys.argv[1:]) or 'Hello'
channel.basic_publish(
exchange='',
routing_key='test1',
body=msg,
properties=pika.BasicProperties(
 delivery_mode=2 #make msg persisdent
)
)

print('Send done:',msg)
connection.close()

3.公平分发

在多consumer的情况下,默认rabbit是轮询发送消息的,但有的consumer消费速度快,有的消费速度慢,为了资源使用更平衡,引入ack确认机制。consumer消费完消息后会给rabbit发送ack,一旦未ack的消息数量超过指定允许的数量,则不再往该consumer发送,改为发送给其他consumer。

producer端代码不用改变,需要给consumer端代码插入两个属性:


channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count= *) #define the max non_ack_count
channel.basic_ack(delivery_tag=deliver.delivery_tag) #send ack to rabbitmq

属性插入位置见如下代码(consumer端):


#Author :ywq
import pika,time
auth_info=pika.PlainCredentials('ywq','qwe')
connection=pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
'192.168.0.158',5672,'/',auth_info
)
)
channel=connection.channel()
channel.queue_declare(queue='test2',durable=True)
def callback(chann,deliver,properties,body):
print('Recv:',body)
time.sleep(5)
chann.basic_ack(delivery_tag=deliver.delivery_tag) #send ack to rabbit
channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)
'''
注意,no_ack=False 注意,这里的no_ack类型仅仅是告诉rabbit该消费者队列是否返回ack,若要返回ack,需要在callback内定义
prefetch_count=1,未ack的msg数量超过1个,则此consumer不再接受msg,此配置需写在channel.basic_consume上方,否则会造成non_ack情况出现。
'''
channel.basic_consume(
callback,
queue='test2'
)

channel.start_consuming()

三、消息发布/订阅

上方的几种模式都是producer端发送一次,则consumer端接收一次,能不能实现一个producer发送,多个关联的consumer同时接收呢?of course,rabbit支持消息发布订阅,共支持三种模式,通过组件exchange转发器,实现3种模式:

python队列通信:rabbitMQ的使用(实例讲解)

fanout: 所有bind到此exchange的queue都可以接收消息,类似广播。

direct: 通过routingKey和exchange决定的哪个唯一的queue可以接收消息,推送给绑定了该queue的consumer,类似组播。

topic:所有符合routingKey(此时可以是一个表达式)的routingKey所bind的queue可以接收消息,类似前缀列表匹配路由。

1.fanout

publish端(producer):


#Author :ywq
import pika,sys,time
auth_info=pika.PlainCredentials('ywq','qwe')
connection=pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
'192.168.0.158',5672,'/',auth_info
)
)
channel=connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='hello',
   exchange_type='fanout'
   )
msg=''.join(sys.argv[1:]) or 'Hello world %s' %time.time()
channel.basic_publish(
exchange='hello',
routing_key='',
body=msg,
properties=pika.BasicProperties(
delivery_mode=2
)
)
print('send done')
connection.close()

subscribe端(consumer):


#Author :ywq
import pika
auth_info=pika.PlainCredentials('ywq','qwe')
connection=pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
'192.168.0.158',5672,'/',auth_info
)
)
channel=connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(
exchange='hello',
exchange_type='fanout'
)
random_num=channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True) #随机与rabbit建立一个queue,comsumer断开后,该queue立即删除释放
queue_name=random_num.method.queue
channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)
channel.queue_bind(
queue=queue_name,
exchange='hello'
)
def callback(chann,deliver,properties,body):
print('Recv:',body)
chann.basic_ack(delivery_tag=deliver.delivery_tag) #send ack to rabbit

channel.basic_consume(
callback,
queue=queue_name,
)
channel.start_consuming()

实现producer一次发送,多个关联consumer接收。

使用exchange模式时:

1.producer端不再申明queue,直接申明exchange

2.consumer端仍需绑定队列并指定exchange来接收message

3.consumer最好创建随机queue,使用完后立即释放。

随机队列名在web下可以检测到:

python队列通信:rabbitMQ的使用(实例讲解)

2.direct

python队列通信:rabbitMQ的使用(实例讲解)

使用exchange同时consumer有选择性的接收消息。队列绑定关键字,producer将数据根据关键字发送到消息exchange,exchange根据 关键字 判定应该将数据发送至指定队列,consumer相应接收。即在fanout基础上增加了routing key.

producer:


#Author :ywq
import pika,sys
auth_info=pika.PlainCredentials('ywq','qwe')
connection=pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
'192.168.0.158',5672,'/',auth_info
)
)
channel=connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_log',
  exchange_type='direct',
  )
while True:
route_key=input('Input routing key:')
msg=''.join(sys.argv[1:]) or 'Hello'
channel.basic_publish(
exchange='direct_log',
routing_key=route_key,
body=msg,
properties=pika.BasicProperties(
 delivery_mode=2
)
)
connection.close()

consumer:


#Author :ywq
import pika,sys
auth_info=pika.PlainCredentials('ywq','qwe')
connection=pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
'192.168.0.158',5672,'/',auth_info
))
channel=connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(
exchange='direct_log',
exchange_type='direct'
)
queue_num=channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name=queue_num.method.queue
route_key=input('Input routing key:')

channel.queue_bind(
queue=queue_name,
exchange='direct_log',
routing_key=route_key
)
def callback(chann,deliver,property,body):
print('Recv:[level:%s],[msg:%s]' %(route_key,body))
chann.basic_ack(delivery_tag=deliver.delivery_tag)

channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)
channel.basic_consume(
callback,
queue=queue_name
)
channel.start_consuming()

同时开启多个consumer,其中两个接收notice,两个接收warning,运行效果如下:

python队列通信:rabbitMQ的使用(实例讲解)

3.topic

python队列通信:rabbitMQ的使用(实例讲解)

相较于direct,topic能实现模糊匹配式工作方式(在consumer端指定匹配方式),只要routing key包含指定的关键字,则将该msg发往绑定的queue上。

rabbitmq通配符规则:

符号“#”匹配一个或多个词,符号“”匹配一个词。因此“abc.#”能够匹配到“abc.m.n”,但是“abc.*‘' 只会匹配到“abc.m”。‘.'号为分割符。使用通配符匹配时必须使用‘.'号分割。

producer:


#Author :ywq
import pika,sys
auth_info=pika.PlainCredentials('ywq','qwe')
connection=pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
'192.168.0.158',5672,'/',auth_info
)
)
channel=connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_log',
  exchange_type='topic',
  )
while True:
route_key=input('Input routing key:')
msg=''.join(sys.argv[1:]) or 'Hello'
channel.basic_publish(
exchange='topic_log',
routing_key=route_key,
body=msg,
properties=pika.BasicProperties(
 delivery_mode=2
)
)
connection.close()

consumer:


#Author :ywq
import pika,sys
auth_info=pika.PlainCredentials('ywq','qwe')
connection=pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
'192.168.0.158',5672,'/',auth_info
))
channel=connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(
exchange='topic_log',
exchange_type='topic'
)
queue_num=channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name=queue_num.method.queue
route_key=input('Input routing key:')

channel.queue_bind(
queue=queue_name,
exchange='topic_log',
routing_key=route_key
)
def callback(chann,deliver,property,body):
print('Recv:[type:%s],[msg:%s]' %(route_key,body))
chann.basic_ack(delivery_tag=deliver.delivery_tag)

channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)
channel.basic_consume(
callback,
queue=queue_name
)
channel.start_consuming()

运行效果:

python队列通信:rabbitMQ的使用(实例讲解)

rabbitmq三种publish/subscribe模型简单介绍完毕。

来源:http://blog.csdn.net/ywq935/article/details/78633428

标签:python,队列通信,rabbitMQ
0
投稿

猜你喜欢

  • Python pexpect模块及shell脚本except原理解析

    2022-11-10 18:52:04
  • numpy系列之数组重塑的实现

    2022-10-20 13:36:35
  • Python基础教程之tcp socket编程详解及简单实例

    2021-04-18 12:04:29
  • python matplotlib 画dataframe的时间序列图实例

    2023-05-17 00:12:34
  • Centos6.x服务器配置jdk+tomcat+mysql环境(jsp+mysql)

    2023-06-14 12:14:13
  • Python实现的简单计算器功能详解

    2023-11-17 09:34:08
  • 使用python怎样产生10个不同的随机数

    2021-08-12 13:07:18
  • asp textarea 多行数组分割处理方法

    2011-03-03 10:55:00
  • 如何实现My SQL中的用户的管理问题

    2008-12-03 13:56:00
  • python智联招聘爬虫并导入到excel代码实例

    2023-09-28 14:18:00
  • 巧用Dreamweaver MX共享Execl XP文件

    2009-07-14 21:56:00
  • sqlserver 不重复的随机数

    2012-02-12 15:29:29
  • python3.6根据m3u8下载mp4视频

    2021-05-22 00:20:03
  • 详解python如何调用C/C++底层库与互相传值

    2022-02-25 07:18:00
  • request基本使用及各种请求方式参数的示例

    2021-03-31 02:32:52
  • js检测浏览器语种,适合于多语言版本的站点

    2007-09-12 19:16:00
  • 如何在Win10系统使用Python3连接Hive

    2023-08-10 07:00:39
  • photoshop快捷键大全及使用技巧

    2007-10-26 07:40:00
  • 成功实现ajax,xmlhttp跨域访问(php,asp,jsp)

    2008-02-13 18:40:00
  • 讲解SQL Server 2005数据库的同义词Bug

    2008-11-28 14:22:00
  • asp之家 网络编程 m.aspxhome.com