使用Python实现火车票查询系统(带界面)

作者：木木子学python 时间：2022-04-26 04:14:47　

导语

周末、假期来了，七夕也快到了，又到一年中最一票难求的时候了！

那些假期想回家、过节异地恋的小可爱们，能准时抢到回家（约会对象）的城市票嘛？

为了让大家尽早的和亲朋好友家人团聚，小编今年很英勇的出来提醒大家早点儿抢火车票啦！

（时不我待，有票的时候妖提前买好啦~不然到时候在卖科能没票了滴）

特地为大家写了一款代码基于Python的有界面火车票查询系统，随时随地查询，不然去专门购票的地方问，没票白跑一趟也麻烦了——如果有票记得早点儿买买买哈！

注：需要不需要都要学一下，万一哪天就用上了呢，学到了也不亏哈！

一、运行环境

1）小编使用的环境：Python3、Pycharm社区版、requests、PyQt5模块、部分自带就不一一展示啦。

模块安装：pip install -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple/+模块名

二、代码展示

1）爬取数据

import re
import urllib
from urllib import request
# from pprint import pprint
url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/js/framework/station_name.js?station_version=1.9048'
req = urllib.request.Request(url)
r = urllib.request.urlopen(req).read().decode('utf-8')
stations =re.findall(r'([\u4e00-\u9fa5]+)\|([A-Z]+)',r) # 匹配中文和对应的英文
stations = dict(stations) # 转化成字典
# pprint(stations) # 以列的形式打印出来

2）主程序

'''
火车票查询系统
'''
__author__ = 'Scorpio'
import sys
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt,QDateTime
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget,QMessageBox,QApplication,QLabel,QTableWidget,QLineEdit,QHBoxLayout,QGridLayout,QVBoxLayout,QPushButton,QTableWidgetItem,QFrame,QDateTimeEdit
from PyQt5.QtGui import QFont,QColor,QBrush
from get_stations import stations
import warnings
import requests
class TableSheet(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.initUi()

def initUi(self):
#self.setWindowFlags(Qt.WindowCloseButtonHint && Qt.WindowMinimizeButtonHint)
#self.setWindowFlags(Qt.WindowMinimizeButtonHint)
self.setWindowTitle('火车票查询系统')
#self.setGeometry(40,80,1500,720)
#第一部分，输入出发地、目的地和日期
controlsLayout = QGridLayout() #栅格布局
self.label1 = QLabel("出发地：")
self.Editlabel1 = QLineEdit()
self.label2 = QLabel("目的地：")
self.Editlabel2 = QLineEdit()
self.label3 = QLabel("乘车日期：")

self.Editlabel3 = QDateTimeEdit()
now = QDateTime.currentDateTime()
#print(now)
self.Editlabel3.setDateTime(now)
self.Editlabel3.setDisplayFormat("yyyy-MM-dd") #小写m为分钟
self.Editlabel3.setCalendarPopup(True)

self.buttonOK = QPushButton("确定")

controlsLayout.addWidget(QLabel(""),0,0,1,6)
self.message = QLabel("暂未查询车次信息！")
controlsLayout.addWidget(self.message,0,7,1,4)

controlsLayout.addWidget(self.label1,0,11,1,1)
controlsLayout.addWidget(self.Editlabel1,0,12,1,2)
controlsLayout.addWidget(QLabel(" "),0,14,1,1)

controlsLayout.addWidget(self.label2,0,15,1,1)
controlsLayout.addWidget(self.Editlabel2,0,16,1,2)
controlsLayout.addWidget(QLabel(" "),0,18,1,1)

controlsLayout.addWidget(self.label3,0,19,1,1)
controlsLayout.addWidget(self.Editlabel3,0,20,1,2)
controlsLayout.addWidget(QLabel(" "),0,22,1,1)

controlsLayout.addWidget(self.buttonOK,0,23,1,1)
controlsLayout.addWidget(QLabel(" "),0,25,1,8)

#第二部分，显示查询到的车次信息
horizontalHeader = ["车次","车站","时间","历时","商务座","一等座","二等座","高级软卧","软卧","动卧","硬卧","软座","硬座","无座","其他"]
self.table = QTableWidget()
self.table.setColumnCount(15)
self.table.setRowCount(0) #初始化为0行
self.table.setHorizontalHeaderLabels(horizontalHeader)
self.table.setEditTriggers(QTableWidget.NoEditTriggers) #不能编辑
self.table.setSelectionBehavior(QTableWidget.SelectRows) #选中整行
self.table.setSelectionMode(QTableWidget.SingleSelection)
for index in range(self.table.columnCount()):
headItem = self.table.horizontalHeaderItem(index)
headItem.setFont(QFont("song", 12, QFont.Bold))
headItem.setForeground(QBrush(Qt.gray))
headItem.setTextAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter | Qt.AlignVCenter)
#self.table.setFrameShape(QFrame.HLine)#设定样式
#self.table.setShowGrid(False) #取消网格线
#self.table.verticalHeader().setVisible(False) #隐藏垂直表头
#row_count = self.table.rowCount()
#self.table.setColumnWidth(0,200)
mainLayout = QHBoxLayout()
mainLayout.addWidget(self.table)
layout = QVBoxLayout()
layout.addLayout(controlsLayout)
layout.addLayout(mainLayout)
self.setLayout(layout)
self.buttonOK.clicked.connect(self.showMessage)
self.showMaximized()

def closeEvent(self, event): #关闭时弹窗提示
reply = QMessageBox.question(self, '警告', '查询记录不会被保存，\n确认退出？',QMessageBox.Yes,QMessageBox.No)
if reply == QMessageBox.Yes:
event.accept()
else:
event.ignore()

def showMessage(self): #显示查询信息
stations_fz = dict(map(lambda t:(t[1],t[0]), stations.items())) #反转字典
from_s = self.Editlabel1.text() #获取文本框内容
to_s = self.Editlabel2.text()
if (from_s in stations.keys()) and (to_s in stations.keys()):
f = stations[from_s] # 通过字典转化为车站对应的缩写字母
t = stations[to_s] # 通过字典转化为车站对应的缩写字母
date = self.Editlabel3.text()
d = str(date)
# print(d)
# print('正在查询' + from_s + '至' + to_s + '的列车...')
url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/queryO?leftTicketDTO.train_date=' + d + '&leftTicketDTO.from_station=' + f + '&leftTicketDTO.to_station=' + t +'&purpose_codes=ADULT'
# print(url)
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore") # 这个网站是有安全警告的，这段代码可以忽略警告
r = requests.get(url, verify=False)
raw_trains = r.json()['data']['result'] # 获取车次信息
# print(raw_trains)
num = len(raw_trains) # 获取车次数目
# print('共查询到％d个车次信息'％num)
self.message.setText("共查询到％d个车次信息"％num)
if raw_trains == []:
QMessageBox.warning(self, "提示", "暂无所查询的车次信息！")
i=0
self.table.setRowCount(num)
self.table.setHorizontalScrollBarPolicy(Qt.ScrollBarAlwaysOff) #关闭水平滚动条
for raw_train in raw_trains:
# split分割之后得到的是一个列表
data_list = raw_train.split("|")
# print(data_list)
tra_no = data_list[2] #train_no
from_s_no = data_list[16] #from_station_no
to_s_no = data_list[17] #to_station_no
seat_type = data_list[35] #seat_types
tra_date = d #train_date
checi = data_list[3] # 车次
cfd = stations_fz[data_list[6]] #出发地，通过字典转换
mdd = stations_fz[data_list[7]] #目的地
fctime = data_list[8] # 发车时间
ddtime = data_list[9] # 到达时间
lishi = data_list[10] # 历时
shangwuzuo = data_list[32] or "--" # 商务座/特等座
yidengzuo = data_list[31] or "--" # 一等座
erdengzuo = data_list[30] or "--" # 二等座
gjruanwo = data_list[21] or "--" # 高级软卧
ruanwo = data_list[23] or "--" # 软卧
dongwo = data_list[33] or "--" # 动卧
yingwo = data_list[28] or "--" # 硬卧
ruanzuo = data_list[24] or "--" # 软座
yingzuo = data_list[29] or "--" # 硬座
wuzuo = data_list[26] or "--" # 无座
others = data_list[22] or "--" # 其他

price_url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/queryTicketPrice?train_no="+tra_no+"&from_station_no="+from_s_no+"&to_station_no="+to_s_no+"&seat_types="+seat_type+"&train_date="+tra_date
r1 = requests.get(price_url, verify=False)
# print(price_url)
raw_prices = r1.json()['data'] # 获取车次信息
if 'A1' in raw_prices.keys(): #A1:硬座
pr_yz = raw_prices['A1']
else:
pr_yz = ''
if 'A2' in raw_prices.keys(): # A2:软座
pr_rz = raw_prices['A2']
else:
pr_rz = ''
if 'A3' in raw_prices.keys(): # A3:硬卧
pr_yw = raw_prices['A3']
else:
pr_yw = ''
if 'A4' in raw_prices.keys(): # A4:软卧
pr_rw = raw_prices['A4']
else:
pr_rw = ''
if 'A6' in raw_prices.keys(): # A6:高级软卧
pr_gjrw = raw_prices['A6']
else:
pr_gjrw = ''
if 'A9' in raw_prices.keys(): # A9:商务座，特等座
pr_swz = raw_prices['A9']
else:
pr_swz = ''
if 'WZ' in raw_prices.keys(): # WZ:无座
pr_wz = raw_prices['WZ']
else:
pr_wz = ''
if 'M' in raw_prices.keys(): # M:一等座
pr_ydz = raw_prices['M']
else:
pr_ydz = ''
if 'O' in raw_prices.keys(): # O:二等座
pr_edz = raw_prices['O']
else:
pr_edz = ''
if 'F' in raw_prices.keys(): # F:动卧
pr_dw = raw_prices['F']
else:
pr_dw = ''
# print(pr_yz,pr_rz,pr_yw,pr_rw,pr_gjrw,pr_swz,pr_wz,pr_ydz,pr_edz,pr_dw)
NewItem=QTableWidgetItem(checi)
NewItem.setForeground(QColor(Qt.red))
NewItem.setTextAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter | Qt.AlignVCenter) #垂直居中
self.table.setItem(i,0,NewItem)

NewItem=QTableWidgetItem(cfd +'\n-\n'+mdd)
NewItem.setFont(QFont("song", 9, QFont.Bold))
NewItem.setTextAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter | Qt.AlignVCenter)
self.table.setItem(i,1,NewItem)

NewItem=QTableWidgetItem(fctime+'\n-\n'+ddtime)
NewItem.setFont(QFont("song", 9, QFont.Bold))
NewItem.setTextAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter | Qt.AlignVCenter)
self.table.setItem(i,2,NewItem)

NewItem=QTableWidgetItem(lishi)
NewItem.setFont(QFont("song", 9, QFont.Bold))
NewItem.setTextAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter | Qt.AlignVCenter)
self.table.setItem(i,3,NewItem)

NewItem=QTableWidgetItem(shangwuzuo+'\n'+ pr_swz)
NewItem.setTextAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter | Qt.AlignVCenter)
self.table.setItem(i,4,NewItem)

NewItem=QTableWidgetItem(yidengzuo+'\n'+ pr_ydz)
NewItem.setTextAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter | Qt.AlignVCenter)
self.table.setItem(i,5,NewItem)

NewItem=QTableWidgetItem(erdengzuo+'\n'+ pr_edz)
NewItem.setTextAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter | Qt.AlignVCenter)
self.table.setItem(i,6,NewItem)

NewItem=QTableWidgetItem(gjruanwo+'\n'+ pr_gjrw)
NewItem.setTextAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter | Qt.AlignVCenter)
self.table.setItem(i,7,NewItem)

NewItem=QTableWidgetItem(ruanwo+'\n'+ pr_rw)
NewItem.setTextAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter | Qt.AlignVCenter)
self.table.setItem(i,8,NewItem)

NewItem=QTableWidgetItem(dongwo+'\n'+ pr_dw)
NewItem.setTextAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter | Qt.AlignVCenter)
self.table.setItem(i,9,NewItem)

NewItem=QTableWidgetItem(yingwo+'\n'+ pr_yw)
NewItem.setTextAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter | Qt.AlignVCenter)
self.table.setItem(i,10,NewItem)

NewItem=QTableWidgetItem(ruanzuo+'\n'+ pr_rz)
NewItem.setTextAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter | Qt.AlignVCenter)
self.table.setItem(i,11,NewItem)

NewItem=QTableWidgetItem(yingzuo+'\n'+ pr_yz)
NewItem.setTextAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter | Qt.AlignVCenter)
self.table.setItem(i,12,NewItem)

NewItem=QTableWidgetItem(wuzuo+'\n'+ pr_wz)
NewItem.setTextAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter | Qt.AlignVCenter)
self.table.setItem(i,13,NewItem)

NewItem=QTableWidgetItem(others+'\n'+'')
NewItem.setTextAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter | Qt.AlignVCenter)
self.table.setItem(i,14,NewItem)

self.table.setRowHeight(i, 60) #设置行高

i=i+1
#self.table.setSpan(0, 8, 2, 1) #合并单元格
else:
if from_s not in stations.keys():
# print('请输入正确的出发地')
QMessageBox.warning(self,"提示","请输入正确的出发地！")
if to_s not in stations.keys():
# print('请输入正确的目的地')
QMessageBox.warning(self,"提示","请输入正确的目的地！")
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
table = TableSheet()
table.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())