python查找指定具有相同内容文件的方法

本文实例讲述了python查找指定具有相同内容文件的方法。分享给大家供大家参考。具体如下：

python代码用于查找指定具有相同内容的文件，可以同时指定多个目录
调用方式：python doublesdetector.py c:\;d:\;e:\ > doubles.txt

# Hello, this script is written in Python - http://www.python.org
# doublesdetector.py 1.0p
import os, os.path, string, sys, sha
message = """
doublesdetector.py 1.0p
This script will search for files that are identical
(whatever their name/date/time).
Syntax : python ％s <directories>
  where <directories> is a directory or a list of directories
  separated by a semicolon (;)
Examples : python ％s c:\windows
     python ％s c:\;d:\;e:\ > doubles.txt
     python ％s c:\program files > doubles.txt
This script is public domain. Feel free to reuse and tweak it.
The author of this script Sebastien SAUVAGE <sebsauvage at sebsauvage dot net>
http://sebsauvage.net/python/
""" ％ ((sys.argv[0], )*4)
def fileSHA ( filepath ) :
 """ Compute SHA (Secure Hash Algorythm) of a file.
   Input : filepath : full path and name of file (eg. 'c:\windows\emm386.exe')
   Output : string : contains the hexadecimal representation of the SHA of the file.
            returns '0' if file could not be read (file not found, no read rights...)
 """
 try:
   file = open(filepath,'rb')
   digest = sha.new()
   data = file.read(65536)
   while len(data) != 0:
     digest.update(data)
     data = file.read(65536)
   file.close()
 except:
   return '0'
 else:
   return digest.hexdigest()
def detectDoubles( directories ):
 fileslist = {}
 # Group all files by size (in the fileslist dictionnary)
 for directory in directories.split(';'):
   directory = os.path.abspath(directory)
   sys.stderr.write('Scanning directory '+directory+'...')
   os.path.walk(directory,callback,fileslist)
   sys.stderr.write('\n')
 sys.stderr.write('Comparing files...')
 # Remove keys (filesize) in the dictionnary which have only 1 file
 for (filesize,listoffiles) in fileslist.items():
   if len(listoffiles) == 1:
     del fileslist[filesize]
 # Now compute SHA of files that have the same size,
 # and group files by SHA (in the filessha dictionnary)
 filessha = {}
 while len(fileslist)>0:
   (filesize,listoffiles) = fileslist.popitem()
   for filepath in listoffiles:
     sys.stderr.write('.')
     sha = fileSHA(filepath)
     if filessha.has_key(sha):
       filessha[sha].append(filepath)
     else:
       filessha[sha] = [filepath]
 if filessha.has_key('0'):
   del filessha['0']
 # Remove keys (sha) in the dictionnary which have only 1 file
 for (sha,listoffiles) in filessha.items():
   if len(listoffiles) == 1:
     del filessha[sha]
 sys.stderr.write('\n')
 return filessha
def callback(fileslist,directory,files):
 sys.stderr.write('.')
 for fileName in files:
   filepath = os.path.join(directory,fileName)
   if os.path.isfile(filepath):
     filesize = os.stat(filepath)[6]
     if fileslist.has_key(filesize):
       fileslist[filesize].append(filepath)
     else:
       fileslist[filesize] = [filepath]
if len(sys.argv)>1 :
 doubles = detectDoubles(" ".join(sys.argv[1:]))
 print 'The following files are identical:'
 print '\n'.join(["----\n％s" ％ '\n'.join(doubles[filesha]) for filesha in doubles.keys()])
 print '----'
else:
 print message

希望本文所述对大家的Python程序设计有所帮助。