Python+requests+unittest执行接口自动化测试详情

作者：程序员威子时间：2023-07-30 15:08:37　

1、安装requests、xlrd、json、unittest库

<1>pip 命令安装：

pip install requests
pip install xlrd
pip install json
pip install unittest

2、创建六类Python Package

利用Page Object Model 设计理念创建六类Python Package(也可根据项目要求具体实施)

3、创建一个Base_Page.py

先在base包里创建一个Base_Page.py

<1>导入模块，并创建Base类，封装各类请求方法

import requests #导入requests模块
class Base():
def method_post(self,url,params = None,data = None,headers = None,files = None):
return requests.post(url = url,params = params,data = data,headers = headers,files = files)
def method_get(self,url,params = None,data = None,headers = None,files = None):
return requests.get(url = url,params = params,data = data,headers = headers,files = files)
def method_put(self,url,params = None,data = None,headers = None,files = None):
return requests.put(url = url,params = params,data = data,headers = headers,files = files)
def method_delete(self,url,params = None,data = None,headers = None,files = None):
return requests.delete(url = url,params = params,data = data,headers = headers,files = files

因为每一个请求都会有params参数或是data参数，但是不可能两个都存在，所以这里用了None，依次类推

<2>适配于接口用例执行，读取Excel表时，将各类请求做判断，当符合哪一种时，就去执行哪一种

def requests_type(self,method,url,params = None,data = None,headers = None,files = None):
if method =='post' or method =='POST':
return self.method_post(url = url,params = params,data = data,headers = headers,files = files)
elif method =='get' or method =='GET':
return self.method_get(url = url,params = params,data = data,headers = headers,files = files)
elif method =='put' or method =='PUT':
return requests.put(url = url,params = params,data = data,headers = headers,files = files)
elif method =='delete' or method =='DELETE':
return requests.delete(url = url,params = params,data = data,headers = headers,files = files)

<3> 将几种请求做简单调试，调试通了，那么我们就可以进行下一项

也可以对需要拿到cookie的接口进行封装方法保存:

def Get_Login_cookie(self,data):
res = self.method_post(url = "请求网址",data = data)
return {"userId":str(res.json()['result']['userId']),"sessionId":res.json()['result']['sessionId']}

之后我们要将base页验证的这些代码做清除，否则的话永远都是调的这些接口

4、创建common类

再common类下创建commons.py文件,并创建common类

<1> 封装日志方法

这里我添加了一个data包，用于存放xlrd表，以及html报告存放路径、log日志存放路径

log_path = r'D:\PycharmProjects\自动化接口\自动化接口测试\report\logs'
report_html = r'D:\PycharmProjects\自动化接口\自动化接口测试\report\html'
read_xlrd = r'D:\PycharmProjects\自动化接口\自动化接口测试\data'
class Common():
#封装日志方法
def get_logs(self,path = log_path):
import logging,time
logs = logging.getLogger()
logs.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
path = path+'/' + time.strftime('％Y-％m-％d-％H-％M-％S') + '.log'
write_file = logging.FileHandler(path,'a+',encoding='utf-8')
write_file.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
set_logs = logging.Formatter('％(asctime)s - ％(filename)s - ％(funcName)s - ％(levelname)s - ％(message)s')
write_file.setFormatter(set_logs)
pycharm_text = logging.StreamHandler()
pycharm_text.setFormatter(set_logs)
logs.addHandler(write_file)
logs.addHandler(pycharm_text)
return logs

<2> 封装读取Excel表方法，把他转换成字典形式，方便json格式读取

# 读取Excel表方法，方便后续读取接口用例数据
def ReadExcelTypeDict(self,file_name,path = read_xlrd):
path = path+'/' + file_name
import xlrd
work_book = xlrd.open_workbook(path) # 打开Excel表
sheets = work_book.sheet_names() # 获取所有的sheets页
DatasList = []
for sheet in sheets:
sheets = work_book.sheet_by_name(sheet)
nrows = sheets.nrows
for i in range(0,nrows):
values = sheets.row_values(i)
DatasList.append(values)
title_list = DatasList[0]
content_list = DatasList[1:]
new_list = []
for content in content_list:
dic = {}
for i in range(len(content)):
dic[title_list[i]] = content[i]
new_list.append(dic)
return new_list #最终返回为字典形式有键和值

为什么要转换格式呢？

这里就涉及到了怎么设计一个自动化接口用例

用例的参数值要用json格式写入，不要有空格
预期结果的出参也要用json格式写入
不要有' '值都要用" "包起来

<3>封装一个生成HTML报告方法

# 封装一个HTML报告方法
def GetHtmlResult(self,suite,title,path = report_html):
import HTMLTestReportCN,time
path = path + '/' + time.strftime('％Y-％m-％d-％H-％M-％S') + '.html'
with open(path,'wb+') as f:
run = HTMLTestReportCN.HTMLTestRunner(stream=f,description='用户相关接口测试报告',tester='小白',title = title)
run.run(suite)

其余还有需要补充的可以继续添加，我这里三个基本够用

5、读取Excel数据表联合使用

在case包下创test用例，并调用我们在base页封装好的请求api以及common中的读取Excel数据表联合使用

<1>创建test_login.py

<2> 导入unittest、common类下的commons类、ddt数据驱动、Base下的base_page页

import unittest
import ddt
import 自动化接口测试.common.commons as common
from 自动化接口测试.base.Base_Page import Base

<3> 搭建unittest框架内部，并填充方法

import unittest
import ddt
import 自动化接口测试.common.commons as common
from 自动化接口测试.base.Base_Page import Base
r = common.Common().ReadExcelTypeDict('cezxhi .xlsx') # 拿到具体的Excel表数据
@ddt.ddt #导入ddt模块
class TestLogin(unittest.TestCase):
@classmethod
def setUpClass(cls) -> None: # setupclass类方法全部用例开始前执行一次
cls.logs = common.Common().get_logs() # 导入日志方法
cls.logs.debug('开始写入接口自动化测试用例')
@classmethod
def tearDownClass(cls) -> None:
cls.logs.debug('自动化接口用例结束')

def setUp(self) -> None:
self.logs.debug('开始本条接口用例')

def tearDown(self) -> None:
self.logs.debug('结束本条用例')

@ddt.data(*r) # 引入ddt模块，读取拿到的数据
def test_logins(self,pars): # 用例方法名开头必须已test pars参数为接收的表数据值
import json #导入json模块
dic = json.loads(pars['body参数值']) # 将Excel数据中的参数值转变为json格式
url = pars['接口地址'] # 拿到请求url
yuqi = pars['预期结果'] # 拿到预期结果
fs = pars['请求方式'] # 拿到请求方式
result = Base().requests_type(method = fs,url = url,data = dic) # 填充base页的请求api
self.assertEqual(result.text,yuqi) # 进行断言看用例是否通过

<4> 执行用例后生成测试报告:

if __name__ == '__main__':
load = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(TestLogin) #使用loader加载方式来找寻所有已test开头的用例
suite = unittest.TestSuite([load,])
common.Common().GetHtmlResult(suite,'登录测试用例')

<5> copy当前要执行的脚本路径，添加到运行方式为python里