SQL使用ROW_NUMBER() OVER函数生成序列号

语法：ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY COLUMN ORDER BY COLUMN)
简单的说ROW_NUMBER()从1开始，为每一条分组记录返回一个数字，这里的ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY CYLH DESC) 是先把xlh列降序，再为降序以后的每条CYLH记录返回一个序号。

示例： 

分析：ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY COL1 ORDER BY COL2) 表示根据COL1分组，在分组内部根据 COL2排序，而此函数计算的值就表示每组内部排序后的顺序编号（组内连续的唯一的)

也可这样使用：ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY COL2)

例子：

建立测试表，并插入测试数据

CREATE TABLE TEST_ROW_NUMBER_01(
      CMZH varchar(10) not null,
      CYLH varchar(10) null,
      MJE money null,
);

INSERT INTO TEST_ROW_NUMBER_01(CMZH,CYLH,MJE) VALUES (2106000011,20281997,10.50)
INSERT INTO TEST_ROW_NUMBER_01(CMZH,CYLH,MJE) VALUES(2106000010,20281996,10.50)
INSERT INTO TEST_ROW_NUMBER_01(CMZH,CYLH,MJE) VALUES(2106000008,20281995,0.00)
INSERT INTO TEST_ROW_NUMBER_01(CMZH,CYLH,MJE) VALUES(2106000006,20281994,9.50)
INSERT INTO TEST_ROW_NUMBER_01(CMZH,CYLH,MJE) VALUES(2106000004,20281993,5.50)
INSERT INTO TEST_ROW_NUMBER_01(CMZH,CYLH,MJE) VALUES(2106000001,20281992,10.50)
INSERT INTO TEST_ROW_NUMBER_01(CMZH,CYLH,MJE) VALUES(2106000002,20281992,10.50)
INSERT INTO TEST_ROW_NUMBER_01(CMZH,CYLH,MJE) VALUES(2106000007,20217280,0.00)
INSERT INTO TEST_ROW_NUMBER_01(CMZH,CYLH,MJE) VALUES(2106000009,20172458,5.50)
INSERT INTO TEST_ROW_NUMBER_01(CMZH,CYLH,MJE) VALUES(2106000005,20121813,0.00)

执行脚本自动生成行号并按CYLH进行排序（滑动查看代码）

SELECT ROW_NUMBER()OVER(ORDER BY CYLH DESC) AS ROWNUM,* FROM TEST_ROW_NUMBER_01

结果如下：

 注意：在使用over等开窗函数时，over里头的分组及排序的执行晚于“where，group by，order by”的执行。

来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/since-1995/p/15629029.html