利用scrapy将爬到的数据保存到mysql（防止重复）

前言

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1.环境建立

     1.使用xmapp安装php, mysql ,phpmyadmin

     2.安装python3，pip

     3.安装pymysql

     3.(windows 略)我这边是mac，安 * rew，用brew 安装scrapy

2.整个流程

     1. 创建数据库和数据库表，准备保存

     2.写入爬虫目标URL，进行网络请求

     3.对爬返回数据进行处理，得到具体数据

     4.对于具体数据保存到数据库中

2.1.创建数据库

首先创建一个数据库叫scrapy，然后创建一个表article，我们这里给body加了唯一索引，防止重复插入数据

--
-- Database: `scrapy`
--

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- 表的结构 `article`
--

CREATE TABLE `article` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`body` varchar(200) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL,
`author` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL,
`createDate` datetime NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;

--
-- Indexes for table `article`
--
ALTER TABLE `article`
ADD PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
ADD UNIQUE KEY `uk_body` (`body`);

弄好以后是这样的。

2.2 先看下整个爬虫项目的结构

quotes_spider.py是核心，负责对网络请求和对内容进行处理，然后对整理好的内容抛给pipelines进行具体处理，保存到数据库中，这样不会影响速度。

其他的看 图说明

2.2 写入爬虫目标URL，进行网络请求

import scrapy
from tutorial.items import TutorialItem
class QuotesSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = "quotes"
def start_requests(self):
 url = 'http://quotes.toscrape.com/tag/humor/'
 yield scrapy.Request(url)
def parse(self, response):
 item = TutorialItem()
 for quote in response.css('div.quote'):
  item['body'] = quote.css('span.text::text').extract_first()
  item['author'] = quote.css('small.author::text').extract_first()
  yield item
 next_page = response.css('li.next a::attr("href")').extract_first()
 if next_page is not None:
  yield response.follow(next_page, self.parse)

start_requests 就是要写入具体要爬的URL

parse就是核心的对返回的数据进行处理的地方，然后以item的形式抛出，接下来定义好下一个要爬的内容 

2.3  items

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html
import scrapy
class TutorialItem(scrapy.Item):
body = scrapy.Field()
author = scrapy.Field()
pass

2.4 pipelines

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
import pymysql
import datetime
from tutorial import settings
import logging
class TutorialPipeline(object):
def __init__(self):
 self.connect = pymysql.connect(
  host = settings.MYSQL_HOST,
  db = settings.MYSQL_DBNAME,
  user = settings.MYSQL_USER,
  passwd = settings.MYSQL_PASSWD,
  charset = 'utf8',
  use_unicode = True
 )
 self.cursor = self.connect.cursor();
def process_item(self, item, spider):
 try:
  self.cursor.execute(
   "insert into article (body, author, createDate) value(％s, ％s, ％s) on duplicate key update author=(author)",
   (item['body'],
    item['author'],
    datetime.datetime.now()
    ))
  self.connect.commit()
 except Exception as error:
  logging.log(error)
 return item
def close_spider(self, spider):
 self.connect.close();

2.5 配置

ITEM_PIPELINES = {
'tutorial.pipelines.TutorialPipeline':300
}
MYSQL_HOST = 'localhost'
MYSQL_DBNAME = 'scrapy'
MYSQL_USER = 'root'
MYSQL_PASSWD = '123456'
MYSQL_PORT = 3306

3.启动爬虫

scrapy crawl quotes

来源：http://www.waitingfy.com/archives/1989