Android打开GPS导航并获取位置信息返回null解决方案

最近在做一个 Android 项目，需要用到GPS获取位置信息，从 API 查了一下，发现获取位置信息仅需极其简单的一句即可：

getLastKnownLocation(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER),

于是高兴地不得了。可是一写进代码里，返回值（Location 类型）居然一直为null..郁闷的不得了。在网上查了好久，发现好多人都和我一样纠结于这个问题上，有人说是因为GPS没打开，也有人说是相关权限没加上..可是我的明明已经在设置里打开，权限自然也加上了。在api上纠结了半天，终于找出原因了，原来要打开GPS其实在于这句：

setTestProviderEnabled("gps",true);

而跟手机上的设置没多大关系（起码在我的手机上测是这样的）。手机上的设置关闭了，这一句照样能打开；而即使手机设置打开了，没这一句也是白搭。与这句对应的是

setTestProviderEnabled("gps",false);

用来关闭GPS.
GPS打开后可以用上面的方法获取Location了吗？还是不可以！确切地说是有时候可以，因为这个函数获取的是上次已经获得的位置信息，设想如果此程序第一次跑，先前并没有获取过位置信息，当然返回值为null了。经仔细查看api，在

requestLocationUpdates (String provider, long minTime, float minDistance, LocationListener listener)

里发现了这样一句话：It may take a while to receive the most recent location. If an immediate location is required, applications may use the getLastKnownLocation(String) method. 因此为了获取位置信息，应该用此方法为manager设置 * ，在 * 中onLocationChanged(Location location)里获取。
测试代码如下：

public void onLocationChanged(Location location)
            {
                Log.i("onLocationChanged", "come in");
                if (location != null)
                {
                    Log.w("Location","Current altitude = "+ location.getAltitude());
                    Log.w("Location","Current latitude = "+ location.getLatitude());
                }
            }
    

经过测试，经过一段时间后可以获取Location（获取时间与minTime、minDistance相关）。还需注意的一个问题是在设置了 * 后，删除 * 之前不能用上面的方法关闭gps，否则会报错。因此关闭gps的方法是

manager.removeUpdates (listener);//listener 即为 * 实例
manager.setTestProviderEnabled("gps",false);

以下是测试代码，所需权限有：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"></uses-permission>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_MOCK_LOCATION"></uses-permission>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS"></uses-permission>

import android.app.Activity;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.location.Criteria;
 import android.location.Location;
 import android.location.LocationListener;
 import android.location.LocationManager;
 import android.os.Bundle;
 import android.util.Log;
 public class audio extends Activity
 {
     /** Called when the activity is first created. */
     LocationManager locationManager;
     LocationListener llistener;
     String provider;
     public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
     {
         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
         setContentView(R.layout.main);
         Criteria criteria = new Criteria();
         criteria.setAccuracy(Criteria.ACCURACY_FINE);
         criteria.setAltitudeRequired(false);
         criteria.setBearingRequired(false);
         criteria.setCostAllowed(true);
         criteria.setPowerRequirement(Criteria.POWER_LOW);
         String serviceName = Context.LOCATION_SERVICE;
         locationManager = (LocationManager) getSystemService(serviceName);
         locationManager.setTestProviderEnabled("gps", true);
         provider = locationManager.getBestProvider(criteria, true);
         Log.d("provider", provider);
         llistener = new LocationListener() {
             @Override
             public void onLocationChanged(Location location)
             {
                 // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                 Log.i("onLocationChanged", "come in");
                 if (location != null)
                 {
                     Log.w("Location", "Current altitude = "
                             + location.getAltitude());
                     Log.w("Location", "Current latitude = "
                             + location.getLatitude());
                 }
                 locationManager.removeUpdates(this);
                 locationManager.setTestProviderEnabled(provider, false);
             }
             @Override
             public void onProviderDisabled(String provider)
             {
                 // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                 Log.i("onProviderDisabled", "come in");
             }
             @Override
             public void onProviderEnabled(String provider)
             {
                 // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                 Log.i("onProviderEnabled", "come in");
             }
             @Override
             public void onStatusChanged(String provider, int status,
                     Bundle extras)
             {
                 // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                 Log.i("onStatusChanged", "come in");
             }
         };
          locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(provider, 1000, (float) 1000.0, llistener);
     }
     protected void onDestroy()
     {
         locationManager.removeUpdates(llistener);
         locationManager.setTestProviderEnabled(provider, false);
         super.onDestroy();
     }