详解Java的Hibernat框架中的Map映射与SortedMap映射
作者:goldensun 时间:2021-08-21 20:31:59
Map映射
Map映射是一个java集合存储在键 - 值对的元素,并且不允许在列表中重复的元素。 Map接口提供三种collection视图,允许Map内容看作是一组键-值集合,或者设置键 - 值映射关系。
Map被映射到映射表中一个<map>元素和无序的地图可以在java.util.HashMap中被初始化。
定义RDBMS表:
考虑一个情况,我们需要员工记录存储在EMPLOYEE表,将有以下结构:
create table EMPLOYEE (
id INT NOT NULL auto_increment,
first_name VARCHAR(20) default NULL,
last_name VARCHAR(20) default NULL,
salary INT default NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
此外,假设每个员工都可以有一个或多个与他/她相关的证书。我们将存储证书的相关信息在一个单独的表,该表具有以下结构:
create table CERTIFICATE (
id INT NOT NULL auto_increment,
certificate_type VARCHAR(40) default NULL,
certificate_name VARCHAR(30) default NULL,
employee_id INT default NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
有一个对多(one-to-many )的关系在EMPLOYEE和证书对象之间。
定义POJO类:
让我们实现一个POJO类员工将被用于保存与EMPLOYEE表中的对象和有证书的列表变量的集合。
import java.util.*;
public class Employee {
private int id;
private String firstName;
private String lastName;
private int salary;
private Map certificates;
public Employee() {}
public Employee(String fname, String lname, int salary) {
this.firstName = fname;
this.lastName = lname;
this.salary = salary;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId( int id ) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getFirstName() {
return firstName;
}
public void setFirstName( String first_name ) {
this.firstName = first_name;
}
public String getLastName() {
return lastName;
}
public void setLastName( String last_name ) {
this.lastName = last_name;
}
public int getSalary() {
return salary;
}
public void setSalary( int salary ) {
this.salary = salary;
}
public Map getCertificates() {
return certificates;
}
public void setCertificates( Map certificates ) {
this.certificates = certificates;
}
}
我们需要相应的证书表定义另一个POJO类,这样的证书对象可以存储和检索到的证书表。
public class Certificate{
private int id;
private String name;
public Certificate() {}
public Certificate(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId( int id ) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName( String name ) {
this.name = name;
}
}
定义Hibernate映射文件:
让我们开发指示Hibernate如何定义的类映射到数据库表的映射文件。<map>元素将被用于定义所使用的映射的规则。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="Employee" table="EMPLOYEE">
<meta attribute="class-description">
This class contains the employee detail.
</meta>
<id name="id" type="int" column="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<map name="certificates" cascade="all">
<key column="employee_id"/>
<index column="certificate_type" type="string"/>
<one-to-many class="Certificate"/>
</map>
<property name="firstName" column="first_name" type="string"/>
<property name="lastName" column="last_name" type="string"/>
<property name="salary" column="salary" type="int"/>
</class>
<class name="Certificate" table="CERTIFICATE">
<meta attribute="class-description">
This class contains the certificate records.
</meta>
<id name="id" type="int" column="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="name" column="certificate_name" type="string"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
应该保存的映射文件中的格式<classname>.hbm.xml。我们保存映射文件中的文件Employee.hbm.xml。已经熟悉了大部分的映射细节,但让我们再次看映射文件中的所有元素:
映射文档是具有<hibernate-mapping>为对应于每一个类包含2个<class>元素的根元素的XML文档。
<class>元素被用于定义数据库表从一个Java类特定的映射。 Java类名指定使用class元素的name属性和使用表属性数据库表名指定。
<meta>元素是可选元素,可以用来创建类的描述。
<id>元素映射在类中的唯一ID属性到数据库表的主键。 id元素的name属性是指属性的类和column属性是指在数据库表中的列。 type属性保存了Hibernate映射类型,这种类型的映射将会从Java转换为SQL数据类型。
id元素内的<generator>元素被用来自动生成的主键值。将生成元素的class属性设置为原产于让Hibernate拿起无论是identity,sequence或者hilo中的算法来创建主键根据底层数据库的支持能力。
<property>元素用于一个Java类的属性映射到数据库表中的列。元素的name属性是指属性的类和column属性是指在数据库表中的列。 type属性保存了Hibernate映射类型,这种类型的映射将会从Java转换为SQL数据类型。
<map>元素用于设置证书和Employee类之间的关系。我们使用cascade属性的<map>元素来告诉Hibernate来保存证书的对象,同时为Employee对象。 name属性设置为定义Mapvariable在父类中,在我们的案例中是证书。
<index>的元素用于表示键/值对地图的关键部位。该键将使用一个字符串类型的存储在列certificate_type。
<key>元素是包含外键的父对象,即在证书表中的列。表EMPLOYEE。
<one-to-many>元素表示一个Employee对象涉及到很多证书的对象,并因此,证书对象必须有与Employee父类有关。可以根据需要使用<one-to-one>,<many-to-one>或<many-to-many>这个元素。
创建应用程序类:
最后,创建应用程序类的main()方法来运行应用程序。使用这个应用程序来保存员工记录地连同证书列表,然后在应用上执行CRUD操作上的记录。
import java.util.*;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
public class ManageEmployee {
private static SessionFactory factory;
public static void main(String[] args) {
try{
factory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
}catch (Throwable ex) {
System.err.println("Failed to create sessionFactory object." + ex);
throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex);
}
ManageEmployee ME = new ManageEmployee();
/* Let us have a set of certificates for the first employee */
HashMap set = new HashMap();
set.put("ComputerScience", new Certificate("MCA"));
set.put("BusinessManagement", new Certificate("MBA"));
set.put("ProjectManagement", new Certificate("PMP"));
/* Add employee records in the database */
Integer empID = ME.addEmployee("Manoj", "Kumar", 4000, set);
/* List down all the employees */
ME.listEmployees();
/* Update employee's salary records */
ME.updateEmployee(empID, 5000);
/* List down all the employees */
ME.listEmployees();
}
/* Method to add an employee record in the database */
public Integer addEmployee(String fname, String lname,
int salary, HashMap cert){
Session session = factory.openSession();
Transaction tx = null;
Integer employeeID = null;
try{
tx = session.beginTransaction();
Employee employee = new Employee(fname, lname, salary);
employee.setCertificates(cert);
employeeID = (Integer) session.save(employee);
tx.commit();
}catch (HibernateException e) {
if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
session.close();
}
return employeeID;
}
/* Method to list all the employees detail */
public void listEmployees( ){
Session session = factory.openSession();
Transaction tx = null;
try{
tx = session.beginTransaction();
List employees = session.createQuery("FROM Employee").list();
for (Iterator iterator1 =
employees.iterator(); iterator1.hasNext();){
Employee employee = (Employee) iterator1.next();
System.out.print("First Name: " + employee.getFirstName());
System.out.print(" Last Name: " + employee.getLastName());
System.out.println(" Salary: " + employee.getSalary());
Map ec = employee.getCertificates();
System.out.println("Certificate: " +
(((Certificate)ec.get("ComputerScience")).getName()));
System.out.println("Certificate: " +
(((Certificate)ec.get("BusinessManagement")).getName()));
System.out.println("Certificate: " +
(((Certificate)ec.get("ProjectManagement")).getName()));
}
tx.commit();
}catch (HibernateException e) {
if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
session.close();
}
}
/* Method to update salary for an employee */
public void updateEmployee(Integer EmployeeID, int salary ){
Session session = factory.openSession();
Transaction tx = null;
try{
tx = session.beginTransaction();
Employee employee =
(Employee)session.get(Employee.class, EmployeeID);
employee.setSalary( salary );
session.update(employee);
tx.commit();
}catch (HibernateException e) {
if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
session.close();
}
}
/* Method to delete an employee from the records */
public void deleteEmployee(Integer EmployeeID){
Session session = factory.openSession();
Transaction tx = null;
try{
tx = session.beginTransaction();
Employee employee =
(Employee)session.get(Employee.class, EmployeeID);
session.delete(employee);
tx.commit();
}catch (HibernateException e) {
if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
session.close();
}
}
}
编译和执行:
下面是步骤来编译并运行上述应用程序。请确保您已在进行的编译和执行之前,已经适当地设置PATH和CLASSPATH。
创建hibernate.cfg.xml配置文件,在配置章节已经解释和学习。
创建Employee.hbm.xml映射文件,如上图所示。
创建Employee.java源文件,如上图所示,并编译它。
创建Certificate.java源文件,如上图所示,并编译它。
创建ManageEmployee.java源文件,如上图所示,并编译它。
执行ManageEmployee二进制文件来运行程序。
会在屏幕上获得以下结果,并同时创建记录在员工和证书表。
$java ManageEmployee
.......VARIOUS LOG MESSAGES WILL DISPLAY HERE........
First Name: Manoj Last Name: Kumar Salary: 4000
Certificate: MCA
Certificate: MBA
Certificate: PMP
First Name: Manoj Last Name: Kumar Salary: 5000
Certificate: MCA
Certificate: MBA
Certificate: PMP
如果检查员工和证书表,就应该记录下了:
mysql> select * from EMPLOYEE;
+----+------------+-----------+--------+
| id | first_name | last_name | salary |
+----+------------+-----------+--------+
| 60 | Manoj | Kumar | 5000 |
+----+------------+-----------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>select * from CERTIFICATE;
+----+--------------------+------------------+-------------+
| id | certificate_type | certificate_name | employee_id |
+----+--------------------+------------------+-------------+
| 16 | ProjectManagement | PMP | 60 |
| 17 | BusinessManagement | MBA | 60 |
| 18 | ComputerScience | MCA | 60 |
+----+--------------------+------------------+-------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
SortedMap映射
SortedMap是存储在键 - 值对的元素,并提供键的总体排序类似java的集合作为映射。重复的元素未在映射不允许的。该映射是根据其键的自然顺序进行排序,或者通过提供通常在有序映射的创建时间比较。
SortedMap被映射在该映射表中的<map>元素和有序映射可以在java.util.TreeMap中被初始化。
我们依然使用上面定义的RDBMS表和POJO类来讲下面的例子:
定义Hibernate映射文件:
让我们开发指示Hibernate如何定义的类映射到数据库表的映射文件。<map>元素将被用于定义所使用的映射的规则。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="Employee" table="EMPLOYEE">
<meta attribute="class-description">
This class contains the employee detail.
</meta>
<id name="id" type="int" column="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<map name="certificates" cascade="all" sort="MyClass">
<key column="employee_id"/>
<index column="certificate_type" type="string"/>
<one-to-many class="Certificate"/>
</map>
<property name="firstName" column="first_name" type="string"/>
<property name="lastName" column="last_name" type="string"/>
<property name="salary" column="salary" type="int"/>
</class>
<class name="Certificate" table="CERTIFICATE">
<meta attribute="class-description">
This class contains the certificate records.
</meta>
<id name="id" type="int" column="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="name" column="certificate_name" type="string"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
应该保存的映射文件中的格式<classname>.hbm.xml。我们保存映射文件Employee.hbm.xml。前面已经熟悉了大部分的映射细节,但让我们再次看看映射文件中的所有元素:
映射文档是具有<hibernate-mapping>对应于每一个类包含2个<class>元素的根元素的XML文档。
<class>元素被用于定义数据库表从一个Java类特定的映射。 Java类名指定使用class元素的name属性和使用表属性数据库表名指定。
<meta>元素是可选元素,可以用来创建类的描述。
<id>元素映射在类中的唯一ID属性到数据库表的主键。 id元素的name属性是指属性的类和column属性是指在数据库表中的列。 type属性保存了Hibernate映射类型,这种类型的映射将会从Java转换为SQL数据类型。
id元素内的<generator>元素被用来自动生成的主键值。将生成元素的class属性设置让Hibernate对应于identity,sequence或者hilo中的算法来创建主键根据底层数据库的支持能力。
<property>元素用于一个Java类的属性映射到数据库表中的列。元素的name属性是指属性的类和column属性是指在数据库表中的列。 type属性保存了Hibernate映射类型,这种类型的映射将会从Java转换为SQL数据类型。
<map>元素用于设置证书和Employee类之间的关系。我们使用cascade属性的<map>元素来告诉Hibernate来保存证书的对象,同时为Employee对象。 name属性被设置为在父类中的定义的SortedMap变量,在我们的情况下,它是证书。排序属性可以设置为自然有自然排序,也可以设置为自定义类实现为java.util.Comparator。我们已经使用了一个类MyClass,它实现为java.util.Comparator扭转证书类实现的排序顺序。
<index>元素用于表示键/值对映射的键部分。该键将使用一个字符串类型的存储在列certificate_type。
<key>元素是包含外键的父对象,即在证书表中的列。表EMPLOYEE。
<one-to-many>元素表示一个Employee对象涉及到很多证书的对象,并因此,证书对象必须有与Employee父有关联。可以根据需要使用<one-to-one>,<many-to-one>或<many-to-many>这个元素。
如果使用sort="natural",然后我们并不需要创建一个单独的类,因为证书类已经实现了Comparable接口和hibernate会使用compareTo在证书类定义为比较的SortedMap()方法。但是,我们使用的是在我们的映射文件自定义的比较器类MyClass,所以我们必须创建这个类的基础上我们的排序算法。让我们做降在映射上可用的按键排序。
import java.util.Comparator;
public class MyClass implements Comparator <String>{
public int compare(String o1, String o2) {
final int BEFORE = -1;
final int AFTER = 1;
/* To reverse the sorting order, multiple by -1 */
if (o2 == null) {
return BEFORE * -1;
}
Comparable thisCertificate = o1;
Comparable thatCertificate = o2;
if(thisCertificate == null) {
return AFTER * 1;
} else if(thatCertificate == null) {
return BEFORE * -1;
} else {
return thisCertificate.compareTo(thatCertificate) * -1;
}
}
}
最后,我们将创建应用程序类的main()方法来运行应用程序。我们将使用这个应用程序,以节省一些员工的记录地连同的证书,然后我们将提交CRUD操作上面的记录。
import java.util.*;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
public class ManageEmployee {
private static SessionFactory factory;
public static void main(String[] args) {
try{
factory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
}catch (Throwable ex) {
System.err.println("Failed to create sessionFactory object." + ex);
throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex);
}
ManageEmployee ME = new ManageEmployee();
/* Let us have a set of certificates for the first employee */
TreeMap set1 = new TreeMap();
set1.put("ComputerScience", new Certificate("MCA"));
set1.put("BusinessManagement", new Certificate("MBA"));
set1.put("ProjectManagement", new Certificate("PMP"));
/* Add employee records in the database */
Integer empID1 = ME.addEmployee("Manoj", "Kumar", 4000, set1);
/* Another set of certificates for the second employee */
TreeMap set2 = new TreeMap();
set2.put("ComputerScience", new Certificate("MCA"));
set2.put("BusinessManagement", new Certificate("MBA"));
/* Add another employee record in the database */
Integer empID2 = ME.addEmployee("Dilip", "Kumar", 3000, set2);
/* List down all the employees */
ME.listEmployees();
/* Update employee's salary records */
ME.updateEmployee(empID1, 5000);
/* Delete an employee from the database */
ME.deleteEmployee(empID2);
/* List down all the employees */
ME.listEmployees();
}
/* Method to add an employee record in the database */
public Integer addEmployee(String fname, String lname,
int salary, TreeMap cert){
Session session = factory.openSession();
Transaction tx = null;
Integer employeeID = null;
try{
tx = session.beginTransaction();
Employee employee = new Employee(fname, lname, salary);
employee.setCertificates(cert);
employeeID = (Integer) session.save(employee);
tx.commit();
}catch (HibernateException e) {
if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
session.close();
}
return employeeID;
}
/* Method to list all the employees detail */
public void listEmployees( ){
Session session = factory.openSession();
Transaction tx = null;
try{
tx = session.beginTransaction();
List employees = session.createQuery("FROM Employee").list();
for (Iterator iterator1 =
employees.iterator(); iterator1.hasNext();){
Employee employee = (Employee) iterator1.next();
System.out.print("First Name: " + employee.getFirstName());
System.out.print(" Last Name: " + employee.getLastName());
System.out.println(" Salary: " + employee.getSalary());
SortedMap<String, Certificate> map =
employee.getCertificates();
for(Map.Entry<String,Certificate> entry : map.entrySet()){
System.out.print("\tCertificate Type: " + entry.getKey());
System.out.println(", Name: " +
(entry.getValue()).getName());
}
}
tx.commit();
}catch (HibernateException e) {
if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
session.close();
}
}
/* Method to update salary for an employee */
public void updateEmployee(Integer EmployeeID, int salary ){
Session session = factory.openSession();
Transaction tx = null;
try{
tx = session.beginTransaction();
Employee employee =
(Employee)session.get(Employee.class, EmployeeID);
employee.setSalary( salary );
session.update(employee);
tx.commit();
}catch (HibernateException e) {
if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
session.close();
}
}
/* Method to delete an employee from the records */
public void deleteEmployee(Integer EmployeeID){
Session session = factory.openSession();
Transaction tx = null;
try{
tx = session.beginTransaction();
Employee employee =
(Employee)session.get(Employee.class, EmployeeID);
session.delete(employee);
tx.commit();
}catch (HibernateException e) {
if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
session.close();
}
}
}
编译和执行:
可以看到证书已排序顺序相反。可以通过改变映射文件试试,只需设置sort="natural"和执行程序,并比较结果。
$java ManageEmployee
.......VARIOUS LOG MESSAGES WILL DISPLAY HERE........
First Name: Manoj Last Name: Kumar Salary: 4000
Certificate Type: ProjectManagement, Name: PMP
Certificate Type: ComputerScience, Name: MCA
Certificate Type: BusinessManagement, Name: MBA
First Name: Dilip Last Name: Kumar Salary: 3000
Certificate Type: ComputerScience, Name: MCA
Certificate Type: BusinessManagement, Name: MBA
First Name: Manoj Last Name: Kumar Salary: 5000
Certificate Type: ProjectManagement, Name: PMP
Certificate Type: ComputerScience, Name: MCA
Certificate Type: BusinessManagement, Name: MBA
如果检查员工和证书表,就应该记录下了:
mysql> select * from EMPLOYEE;
+----+------------+-----------+--------+
| id | first_name | last_name | salary |
+----+------------+-----------+--------+
| 74 | Manoj | Kumar | 5000 |
+----+------------+-----------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from CERTIFICATE;
+----+--------------------+------------------+-------------+
| id | certificate_type | certificate_name | employee_id |
+----+--------------------+------------------+-------------+
| 52 | BusinessManagement | MBA | 74 |
| 53 | ComputerScience | MCA | 74 |
| 54 | ProjectManagement | PMP | 74 |
+----+--------------------+------------------+-------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)