C#反射(Reflection)详解
作者:Ruby_Lu 时间:2022-09-16 22:58:11
C#反射技术主要基于System.Type类和System.Reflection.Assemble类,通过Type类可以访问关于任何数据类型的信息,Assemble类用于访问给定程序集的相关信息,或把这个程序集加载到程序中。
一.System.Type类
Type类是一个抽象类。只要实例化了一个Type对象,实际上就实例化了Type的一个派生类。尽管一般情况下派生类只提供各种Type方法和属性的不同重载,但是这些方法和属性返回对应数据类型的正确数据,Type有与每种数据类型对应的派生类。它们一般不添加新的方法或属性
通常,获取指向任何给定的Type引用有三种常用方式:
*使用typeof运算符,这个运算符的参数是类型的名称,但不放在引号中:
Type t =typeof(double);
*使用GetType()方法,所以类都会从System.Object继承这个方法:
double d =10;
Type t = d.GetType();
在一个变量上调用GetType()方法,返回的Type对象只与该数据类型相关,不包含该类型实例的任何信息。
*调用Type类的静态方法GetType():
Type t =Type.GetType("System.Double");
Type是很多反射功能的入口,它实现很多方法和属性,可用的属性都是只读的:可以使用Type确定数据的类型,但不能使用它修改该类型。
1.Type属性
由Type实现的属性分为3类。
*包含与类相关的各种名称的字符串:
Name:数据类型名
FullName:数据类型的完全限定名(包含名称空间)
Namespace:在其中定义数据类型的名称空间名
*获取Type对象的引用的属性:
BaseType:该对象的直接基本类型
UnderlyingSystemType:该Type在.NET运行库中映射到的类型
*布尔属性
IsAbstract,IsArray,IsClass,IsEnum等判断Type是什么类型的属性。
2.方法
System.Type的大多数方法都用于获取对应数据类型的成员信息:构造函数,属性,方法和事件等。它有许多方法,但它们都有相同的模式。例如,获取数据类型的方法的信息:GetMethod()和GetMethods()。GetMethod()方法返回MethodInfo对象的一个引用,其中包含一个指定方法的细节信息;而GetMethods()返回这种引用的一个数组。
二.Assembly类
Assembly类允许访问给定程序集的元数据,它也包含可以加载和执行程序集(假定该程序集是可执行的)的方法。与Type类一样,Assembly类包含非常多的方法和属性,这里只介绍与特性(//www.jb51.net/article/244250.htm)有关的成员,其它成员可以去MSDN(https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/system.reflection.assembly(v=vs.100).aspx)查看。
在使用Assembly实例做一些工作前,需要把相应的程序集加载到正在运行的进程中。可以使用静态方法Assembly.Load()或Assembly.LoadFrom()。Load()方法的参数程序集的名称,运行库会在各个位置上搜索该程序集,这些位置包括本地目录和全局程序集缓存。而LoadFrom()方法的参数是程序集的完整路径名,它不会在其它位置搜索该程序集:
Assembly assembly1 = Assembly.Load(“WhatsNewAttributes");
Assembly assembly2 = Assembly.LoadFrom(“E:\WhatsNewAttributes\bin\Debug\WhatsNewAttributes");
这两个方法都有许多其它重载版本。
1.获取在程序集中定义的类型的详细信息
Assembly类调用GetType()方法可以获得相应程序集中定义的所有类型的详细信息,它返回一个包含所有类型的详细信息的System.Type引用数组:
Type[] types = assembly1.GetType();
foreach(Type t in types)
{
}
2.获取自定义特性的详细信息
如果需要确定程序集关联了什么自定义特性,就需要调用Attribute类的一个静态方法GetCustomAttributes():
Assembly assembly1 = Assembly.Load(“WhatsNewAttributes");
Attribute[] attribs = Attribute.GetCustomAttributes(assembly1);
GetCustomAttributes方法用于获取程序集的特性,他有两个重载方法:如果在调用它时,除了程序集的引用外,没有其它参数,该方法就会返回这个程序集定义的所以自定义特性;如果指定第二个参数,第二个参数表示特性类的一个Type对象,GetCustomAttributes方法返回指定特性类型的特性数组。
所有的特性都作为一般的Attribute引用来获取。如果需要调用为自定义特性定义的任何方法或属性,就需要把这些引用显示转换为自定义特性类。
如果要获得与方法,构造函数和字段等的特性,就需要调用MethodInfo,ConstructorInfo,FieldInfo等类的GetCustomAttributes()方法。
下面通过一个例子演示,自定义特性和反射
1.编写自定义特性
namespace WhatsNewAttributes
{
[AttributeUsage(
AttributeTargets.Class | AttributeTargets.Method,
AllowMultiple = true, Inherited = false)]
public class LastModifiedAttribute : Attribute
{
private readonly DateTime _dateModified;
private readonly string _changes;
public LastModifiedAttribute(string dateModified, string changes)
{
_dateModified = DateTime.Parse(dateModified);
_changes = changes;
}
public DateTime DateModified
{
get { return _dateModified; }
}
public string Changes
{
get { return _changes; }
}
public string Issues { get; set; }
}
[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Assembly)]
public class SupportsWhatsNewAttribute : Attribute
{
}
}
2.对VectorClass和其成员使用自定义特性
[assembly: SupportsWhatsNew]
namespace VectorClass
{
[LastModified("14 Feb 2010", "IEnumerable interface implemented " +
"So Vector can now be treated as a collection")]
[LastModified("10 Feb 2010", "IFormattable interface implemented " +
"So Vector now responds to format specifiers N and VE")]
class Vector : IFormattable, IEnumerable
{
public double x, y, z;
public Vector(double x, double y, double z)
{
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
this.z = z;
}
[LastModified("10 Feb 2010", "Method added in order to provide formatting support")]
public string ToString(string format, IFormatProvider formatProvider)
{
if (format == null)
return ToString();
string formatUpper = format.ToUpper();
switch (formatUpper)
{
case "N":
return "|| " + Norm().ToString() + " ||";
case "VE":
return String.Format("( {0:E}, {1:E}, {2:E} )", x, y, z);
case "IJK":
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(x.ToString(), 30);
sb.Append(" i + ");
sb.Append(y.ToString());
sb.Append(" j + ");
sb.Append(z.ToString());
sb.Append(" k");
return sb.ToString();
default:
return ToString();
}
}
public Vector(Vector rhs)
{
x = rhs.x;
y = rhs.y;
z = rhs.z;
}
[LastModified("14 Feb 2010", "Method added in order to provide collection support")]
public IEnumerator GetEnumerator()
{
return new VectorEnumerator(this);
}
public override string ToString()
{
return "( " + x + " , " + y + " , " + z + " )";
}
public double this[uint i]
{
get
{
switch (i)
{
case 0:
return x;
case 1:
return y;
case 2:
return z;
default:
throw new IndexOutOfRangeException(
"Attempt to retrieve Vector element" + i);
}
}
set
{
switch (i)
{
case 0:
x = value;
break;
case 1:
y = value;
break;
case 2:
z = value;
break;
default:
throw new IndexOutOfRangeException(
"Attempt to set Vector element" + i);
}
}
}
public static bool operator ==(Vector lhs, Vector rhs)
{
if (System.Math.Abs(lhs.x - rhs.x) < double.Epsilon &&
System.Math.Abs(lhs.y - rhs.y) < double.Epsilon &&
System.Math.Abs(lhs.z - rhs.z) < double.Epsilon)
return true;
else
return false;
}
public static bool operator !=(Vector lhs, Vector rhs)
{
return !(lhs == rhs);
}
public static Vector operator +(Vector lhs, Vector rhs)
{
Vector result = new Vector(lhs);
result.x += rhs.x;
result.y += rhs.y;
result.z += rhs.z;
return result;
}
public static Vector operator *(double lhs, Vector rhs)
{
return new Vector(lhs * rhs.x, lhs * rhs.y, lhs * rhs.z);
}
public static Vector operator *(Vector lhs, double rhs)
{
return rhs * lhs;
}
public static double operator *(Vector lhs, Vector rhs)
{
return lhs.x * rhs.x + lhs.y + rhs.y + lhs.z * rhs.z;
}
public double Norm()
{
return x * x + y * y + z * z;
}
#region enumerator class
[LastModified("14 Feb 2010", "Class created as part of collection support for Vector")]
private class VectorEnumerator : IEnumerator
{
readonly Vector _theVector; // Vector object that this enumerato refers to
int _location; // which element of _theVector the enumerator is currently referring to
public VectorEnumerator(Vector theVector)
{
_theVector = theVector;
_location = -1;
}
public bool MoveNext()
{
++_location;
return (_location > 2) ? false : true;
}
public object Current
{
get
{
if (_location < 0 || _location > 2)
throw new InvalidOperationException(
"The enumerator is either before the first element or " +
"after the last element of the Vector");
return _theVector[(uint)_location];
}
}
public void Reset()
{
_location = -1;
}
}
#endregion
}
}
3.通过反射获取程序集VectorClass和其成员的自定义特性
namespace LookUpWhatsNew
{
internal class WhatsNewChecker
{
private static readonly StringBuilder outputText = new StringBuilder(1000);
private static DateTime backDateTo = new DateTime(2010, 2, 1);
private static void Main()
{
Assembly theAssembly = Assembly.Load("VectorClass");
Attribute supportsAttribute =
Attribute.GetCustomAttribute(
theAssembly, typeof (SupportsWhatsNewAttribute));
string name = theAssembly.FullName;
AddToMessage("Assembly: " + name);
if (supportsAttribute == null)
{
AddToMessage(
"This assembly does not support WhatsNew attributes");
return;
}
else
{
AddToMessage("Defined Types:");
}
Type[] types = theAssembly.GetTypes();
foreach (Type definedType in types)
DisplayTypeInfo(definedType);
MessageBox.Show(outputText.ToString(),
"What\'s New since " + backDateTo.ToLongDateString());
Console.ReadLine();
}
private static void DisplayTypeInfo(Type type)
{
// make sure we only pick out classes
if (!(type.IsClass))
return;
AddToMessage("\nclass " + type.Name);
Attribute[] attribs = Attribute.GetCustomAttributes(type);
if (attribs.Length == 0)
AddToMessage("No changes to this class");
else
foreach (Attribute attrib in attribs)
WriteAttributeInfo(attrib);
MethodInfo[] methods = type.GetMethods();
AddToMessage("CHANGES TO METHODS OF THIS CLASS:");
foreach (MethodInfo nextMethod in methods)
{
object[] attribs2 =
nextMethod.GetCustomAttributes(
typeof (LastModifiedAttribute), false);
if (attribs2 != null)
{
AddToMessage(
nextMethod.ReturnType + " " + nextMethod.Name + "()");
foreach (Attribute nextAttrib in attribs2)
WriteAttributeInfo(nextAttrib);
}
}
}
private static void WriteAttributeInfo(Attribute attrib)
{
LastModifiedAttribute lastModifiedAttrib =
attrib as LastModifiedAttribute;
if (lastModifiedAttrib == null)
return;
// check that date is in range
DateTime modifiedDate = lastModifiedAttrib.DateModified;
if (modifiedDate < backDateTo)
return;
AddToMessage(" MODIFIED: " +
modifiedDate.ToLongDateString() + ":");
AddToMessage(" " + lastModifiedAttrib.Changes);
if (lastModifiedAttrib.Issues != null)
AddToMessage(" Outstanding issues:" +
lastModifiedAttrib.Issues);
}
private static void AddToMessage(string message)
{
outputText.Append("\n" + message);
}
}
}
来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/afei-24/p/6867986.html