详解Java图形化编程中的鼠标事件设计
作者:goldensun 时间:2022-07-11 08:11:31
鼠标事件的事件源往往与容器相关,当鼠标进入容器、离开容器,或者在容器中单击鼠标、拖动鼠标时都会发生鼠标事件。java语言为处理鼠标事件提供两个接口:MouseListener,MouseMotionListener接口。
MouseListener接口
MouseListener接口能处理5种鼠标事件:按下鼠标,释放鼠标,点击鼠标、鼠标进入、鼠标退出。相应的方法有:
(1) getX():鼠标的X坐标
(2) getY():鼠标的Y坐标
(3) getModifiers():获取鼠标的左键或右键。
(4) getClickCount():鼠标被点击的次数。
(5) getSource():获取发生鼠标的事件源。
(6) addMouseListener(监视器):加放监视器。
(7) removeMouseListener(监视器):移去监视器。
要实现的MouseListener接口的方法有:
(1) mousePressed(MouseEvent e);
(2) mouseReleased(MouseEvent e);
(3) mouseEntered(MouseEvent e);
(4) mouseExited(MouseEvent e);
(5) mouseClicked(MouseEvent e);
【例】小应用程序设置了一个文本区,用于记录一系列鼠标事件。当鼠标进入小应用程序窗口时,文本区显示“鼠标进来”;当鼠标离开 窗口时,文本区显示“鼠标走开”;当鼠标被按下时,文本区显示“鼠标按下”,当鼠标被双击时,文本区显示“鼠标双击”;并显示鼠标的坐标。程序还显示一个红色的圆,当点击鼠标时,圆的半径会不断地变大。
import java.applet.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
class MyPanel extends JPanel{
public void print(int r){
Graphics g = getGraphics();
g.clearRect(0,0,this.getWidth(),this.getHeight());
g.setColor(Color.red);
g.fillOval(10,10,r,r);
}
}
class MyWindow extends JFrame implements MouseListener{
JTextArea text;
MyPanel panel;
int x,y,r =10;
int mouseFlg=0;
static String mouseStates[]={"鼠标键按下","鼠标松开","鼠标进来","鼠标走开","鼠标双击"};
MyWindow(String s){
super(s);
Container con = this.getContentPane();
con.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
this.setSize(200,300);
this.setLocation(100,100);
panel = new MyPanel();
con.add(panel);
text = new JTextArea(10,20);
text.setBackground(Color.blue);
con.add(text);
addMouseListener(this);
this.setVisible(true);
this.pack();
}
public void paint(Graphics g){
r = r+4;
if(r>80){
r=10;
}
text.append(mouseStates[mouseFlg]+"了,位置是:" +x+","+y+"\n");
panel.print(r);
}
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e){
x = e.getX();
y = e.getY();
mouseFlg = 0;
repaint();
}
public void mouseRelease(MouseEvent e){
x = e.getX();
y = e.getY();
mouseFlg = 1;
repaint();
}
public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e){
x = e.getX();
y = e.getY();
mouseFlg = 2;
repaint();
}
public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e){
x = e.getX();
y = e.getY();
mouseFlg = 3;
repaint();
}
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e){
if(e.getClickCount()==2){
x = e.getX();
y = e.getY();
mouseFlg = 4;
repaint();
}
else{}
}
}
public class Example6_8 extends Applet{
public void init(){
MyWindow myWnd = new MyWindow("鼠标事件示意程序");
}
}
任何组件上都可以发生鼠标事件:鼠标进入、鼠标退出、按下鼠标等。例如,在上述程序中添加一个按钮,并给按钮对象添加鼠标监视器,将上述程序中的init()方法修改成如下形式,即能示意按钮上的所有鼠标事件。
JButton button;
public void init(){
button = new JButton(“按钮也能发生鼠标事件”);
r = 10;
text = new JTextArea(15,20);
add(button);
add(text);
button.addMouseListener(this);
}
如果程序希望进一步知道按下或点击的是鼠标左键或右键,鼠标的左键或右键可用InputEvent类中的常量BUTTON1_MASK和BUTTON3_MASK来判定。例如,以下表达式判断是否按下或点击了鼠标右键:
e.getModifiers()==InputEvent. BUTTON3_MASK
MouseMotionListener接口
MouseMotionListener接口处理拖动鼠标和鼠标移动两种事件。
注册监视器的方法是:
addMouseMotionListener(监视器)
要实现的的接口方法有两个:
(1) mouseDragged(MouseEvent e)
(2) mouseMoved(MouseEvent e)
【例】一个滚动条与显示窗口同步变化的应用程序。窗口有一个方块,用鼠标拖运方块,或用鼠标点击窗口,方块改变显示位置,相应水平和垂直滚动条的滑块也会改变它们在滚动条中的位置。反之,移动滚动条的滑块,方块在窗口中的显示位置也会改变。
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
class MyWindow extends JFrame{
public MyWindow(String s){
super(s);
Container con = this.getContentPane();
con.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
this.setLocation(100,100);
JScrollBar xAxis = new JScrollBar(JScrollBar.HORIZONTAL,50,1,0,100);
jScrollBar yAxis = new jScrollBar(JScrollBar.VERTICAL,50,1,0,100);
MyListener listener = new MyListener(xAxis,yAxis,238,118);
Jpanel scrolledCanvas = new JPanel();
scrolledCanvas.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
scrolledCanvas.add(listener,BorderLayout.CENTER);
scrolledCanvas.add(xAix,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
scrolledCanvas.add(yAix,BorderLayout.EAST);
con.add(scrolledCanvas,BorderLayout.NORTH);
this.setVisible(true);
this.pack();
}
public Dimension getPreferredSize(){
return new Dimension(500,300);
}
}
class MyListener extends JComponent implements MouseListener, MouseMotionListener,AdjustmentListener{
private int x,y;
private JScrollBar xScrollBar;
private JScrollBar yScrollBar;
private void updateScrollBars(int x,int y){
int d;
d = (int)(((float)x/(float)getSize().width)*100.0);
xScrollBar.setValue(d);
d = (int)(((float)y/(float)getSize().height)*100.0);
yScrollBar.setValue(d);
}
public MyListener(JScrollBar xaxis,JScrollBar yaxis,int x0,int y0){
xScrollBar =xaxis;
yScrollBar =yaxis;
x = x0;
y=y0;
xScrollBar.addAdjustmentListener(this);
yScrollBar.addAdjustmentListener(this);
this.addMouseListener(this);
this.addMouseMotionListener(this);
}
public void paint(Graphics g){
g.setColor(getBackground());
Dimension size = getSize();
g.fillRect(0,0,size.width,size.height);
g.setColor(Color.blue);
g.fillRect(x,y,50,50);
}
public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e){}
public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e){}
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e){}
public void mouseRelease(MouseEvent e){}
public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e){}
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e){
x = e.getX();
y = e.getY();
updateScrollBars(x,y);
repaint();
}
public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent e){
x = e.getX();
y = e.getY();
updateScrollBars(x,y);
repaint();
}
public void adjustmentValueChanged(AdjustmentEvent e){
if(e.getSource()==xScrollBar)
x=(int)((float)(xScrollBar.getValue()/100.0)*getSize().width);
else if(e.getSource()==yScrollBar)
y = (int)((float)(yScrollBar.getValue()/100.0)*getSize().height);
repaint();
}
}
public class Example6_9{
public static void main(){
MyWindow myWindow = new MyWindow("滚动条示意程序");
}
}
上述例子中,如果只要求通过滑动滑块,改变内容的显示位置,可以简单地使用滚动面板JScrollPane。如果是这样,关于滚动条的创建和控制都可以免去,直接由JScrollPane内部实现。参见以下修改后的MyWindow的定义:
class MyWindow extends JFrame{
public MyWindow(String s){
super(s);
Container con = this.getContentPane();
con.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
this.setLocaltion(100,100);
MyListener listener = new MyListener();
listener.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(700,700));
JScrollPane scrolledCanvas = new JScrollPane(listener);
this.add(scrolledCanvas,BorderLayout.CENTER);
this.setVisible(true);
this.pack();
}
public Dimension getPreferredSize(){
return new Dimension(400,400);
}
}
鼠标指针形状也能由程序控制 ,setCursor()方法能设置鼠标指针形状。例如,代码setCursor(Cursor.getPredefinedCursor(cursor.WAIT_CURSOR))。