C#实现XML序列化与反序列化

一、使用 System.Xml.Serialization类

1、定义元数据

引入System.Xml.Serialization命名空间。

XML序列化常用属性：

• XmlRoot

• XmlType

• XmlText

• XmlEnum

[Serializable]
[XmlRoot]
public class Product
{
   public int ProductID { set; get; }//默认为[XmlElement("ProductID")]

[XmlAttribute("Discount")]
   public int DisCount { set; get; }
}

public class BookProduct : Product
{
   public BookProduct() { }
   public string ISBN { get; set; }
}

[XmlRoot("inv")]
public class Inventory
{
   public Inventory() { }
   [XmlArray("allpro")]
   [XmlArrayItem("prod", typeof(Product)),
    XmlArrayItem("book", typeof(BookProduct))]
   public Product[] InventroyItems { set; get; }
}

2、简单序列化与反序列化

//序列化
Product product = new Product() { ProductID = 1, DisCount = 5 };
string s = "";
using (StringWriter sw = new StringWriter())
{
   XmlSerializer xz = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Product));
   xz.Serialize(sw, product);
   s = sw.ToString();
}
Console.WriteLine(s);

//
// Discount="5">
//   1
//

//反序列化
using (StringReader sr = new StringReader(s))
{
   XmlSerializer xz = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Product));
   product = xz.Deserialize(sr) as Product;
}

Console.WriteLine(product .ProductID.ToString() + ", " + product.DisCount); //1, 5

3、集合的序列化与反序列化

//序列化
List list = new List(){
   new Product() { ProductID = 1, DisCount =5 },
   new BookProduct() {  ProductID = 1, DisCount =3, ISBN="aaaa"}
  };
Inventory invertoy = new Inventory { InventroyItems = list.ToArray() };

string s = "";
using (StringWriter sw = new StringWriter())
{
   XmlSerializer xz = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Inventory));
   xz.Serialize(sw, invertoy);
   s = sw.ToString();
}
Console.WriteLine(s);

//
//
//  <allpro>
//       <prod Discount="5">
//         1
//      
//   <book Discount="3">
//           1
//           aaaa
//      
//   allpro>
//

//反序列化
using (StringReader sr = new StringReader(s))
{
   XmlSerializer xz = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Inventory));
   invertoy = xz.Deserialize(sr) as Inventory;
}

Console.WriteLine(invertoy.InventroyItems[0].ProductID.ToString() + ", " + invertoy.InventroyItems[0].DisCount); //1, 5

4、在不能更改数据的情况下，可以用代码重载 XmlAttributeOverrides

List list = new List(){
   new Product() { ProductID = 1, DisCount =5 },
   new BookProduct() {  ProductID = 1, DisCount =3, ISBN="aaaa"}
 };
Inventory invertoy = new Inventory { InventroyItems = list.ToArray() };

string s = "";
//序列化
using (StringWriter sw = new StringWriter())
{
   XmlAttributes attrs = new XmlAttributes();
   attrs.XmlElements.Add(new XmlElementAttribute("product1", typeof(Product)));
   attrs.XmlElements.Add(new XmlElementAttribute("book1", typeof(BookProduct)));
   XmlAttributeOverrides attrOverrides = new XmlAttributeOverrides();
   attrOverrides.Add(typeof(Inventory), "InventroyItems", attrs);
   XmlSerializer xz = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Inventory), attrOverrides);

xz.Serialize(sw, invertoy);
   s = sw.ToString();
}
Console.WriteLine(s);

//
//http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
//  <product1 Discount="5">
//    1
//  
//  <book1 Discount="3">
//    1
//    aaaa
//  

//

//反序列化
using (StringReader sr = new StringReader(s))
{
   XmlAttributes attrs = new XmlAttributes();
   attrs.XmlElements.Add(new XmlElementAttribute("product1", typeof(Product)));
   attrs.XmlElements.Add(new XmlElementAttribute("book1", typeof(BookProduct)));
   XmlAttributeOverrides attrOverrides = new XmlAttributeOverrides();
   attrOverrides.Add(typeof(Inventory), "InventroyItems", attrs);
   XmlSerializer xz = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Inventory), attrOverrides);
   invertoy = xz.Deserialize(sr) as Inventory;
}

Console.WriteLine(invertoy.InventroyItems[0].ProductID.ToString() + ", " + invertoy.InventroyItems[0].DisCount); //1, 5

5、通用类

void Main()
{
   //序列化
   Product product = new Product() { ProductID = 1, DisCount = 5 };
   string s = UserQuery.SimpleSerializer.Serialize(product);
   Console.WriteLine(s);

//反序列化
   product = UserQuery.SimpleSerializer.Deserialize(typeof(UserQuery.Product), s);
   Console.WriteLine(product.ProductID.ToString() + ", " + product.DisCount); //1, 5
}
public class SimpleSerializer
{
   ///

/// 序列化对象
   ///
   /// 对象类型
   /// 对象
   ///
   public static string Serialize(T t)
   {
       using (StringWriter sw = new StringWriter())
       {
           XmlSerializer xz = new XmlSerializer(t.GetType());
           xz.Serialize(sw, t);
           return sw.ToString();
       }
   }

///

/// 反序列化为对象
   ///
   /// 对象类型
   /// 对象序列化后的Xml字符串
   ///
   public static T Deserialize(Type type, string s) where T : class
   {
       using (StringReader sr = new StringReader(s))
       {
           XmlSerializer xz = new XmlSerializer(type);
           return xz.Deserialize(sr) as T;
       }
   }
}

二、用DataContractSerialize类序列化XML

1、层次结构

基类：XmlObjectSerializer

派生类：

• DataContractSerializer

• NetDataContractSerializer

• DataContractJsonSerializer

需要引入的程序集：

• System.Runtime.Serialization.dll

• System.Runtime.Serialization.Primitives.dll

2、实体类

//订单类
[DataContract(Name = "order", Namespace = "http://a/order")]
//[KnownType(typeof(order))]
public class Order
{
   public Order(Guid id, Product product)
   {
       this.OrderID = id;
       this.Product = product;
   }

[DataMember(Name = "id", Order = 2)]
   public Guid OrderID { set; get; }

[DataMember]
   public Product Product { set; get; }

}

//产品类
[DataContract(Name = "product", Namespace = "http://a/product")] //IsRequired=false,EmitDefaultValue=false
public class Product
{
   public Product(Guid id, string productArea)
   {
       this.ProductID = id;
       this.productArea = productArea;
   }

[DataMember(Name = "id", Order = 1)]
   public Guid ProductID { set; get; }

[DataMember]
   private string productArea { set; get; } //私有属性也可以序列化。
}

3、序列化与反序列化

Product product = new Product(Guid.NewGuid(), "XiaMen");
Order order = new Order(Guid.NewGuid(), product);

string filename = @"C:\s.xml";
using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filename, FileMode.Create))
{
   DataContractSerializer serializer = new DataContractSerializer(typeof(Order));
   using (XmlDictionaryWriter writer = XmlDictionaryWriter.CreateTextWriter(fs))
   {
       serializer.WriteObject(writer, order);
   }
}
Process.Start(filename);

using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filename, FileMode.Open))
{
   DataContractSerializer serializer = new DataContractSerializer(typeof(Order));
   using (XmlDictionaryReader reader = XmlDictionaryReader.CreateTextReader(fs, new XmlDictionaryReaderQuotas()))
   {
       order = serializer.ReadObject(reader) as Order;
   }
}

得到的XML内容

<xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<order xmlns="http://a/order" xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
 <Product xmlns:a="http://a/product">
   <a:productArea>XiaMen</a:productArea>
   <a:id>d3b4c977-d052-4fd4-8f59-272e56d875a8</a:id>
 </Product>
 <id>96d0bb44-cee4-41b6-ae20-5d801c1b3dc9</id>
</order>

来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/springsnow/p/12884534.html