hibernate-validator如何使用校验框架
作者:胡峻峥 时间:2023-05-25 07:26:29
一、前言
高效、合理的使用hibernate-validator校验框架可以提高程序的可读性,以及减少不必要的代码逻辑。接下来会介绍一下常用一些使用方式。
二、常用注解说明
限制 | 说明 |
@Null | 限制只能为null |
@NotNull | 限制必须不为null |
@AssertFalse | 限制必须为false |
@AssertTrue | 限制必须为true |
@DecimalMax(value) | 限制必须为一个不大于指定值的数字 |
@DecimalMin(value) | 限制必须为一个不小于指定值的数字 |
@Digits(integer,fraction) | 限制必须为一个小数,且整数部分的位数不能超过integer,小数部分的位数不能超过fraction |
@Future | 限制必须是一个将来的日期 |
@Max(value) | 限制必须为一个不大于指定值的数字 |
@Min(value) | 限制必须为一个不小于指定值的数字 |
@Past | 限制必须是一个过去的日期 |
@Pattern(value) | 限制必须符合指定的正则表达式 |
@Size(max,min) | 限制字符长度必须在min到max之间 |
@Past | 验证注解的元素值(日期类型)比当前时间早 |
@NotEmpty | 验证注解的元素值不为null且不为空(字符串长度不为0、集合大小不为0) |
@NotBlank | 验证注解的元素值不为空(不为null、去除首位空格后长度为0),不同于@NotEmpty,@NotBlank只应用于字符串且在比较时会去除字符串的空格 |
验证注解的元素值是Email,也可以通过正则表达式和flag指定自定义的email格式 |
三、定义校验分组
public class ValidateGroup {
public interface FirstGroup {
}
public interface SecondeGroup {
}
public interface ThirdGroup {
}
}
四、定义校验Bean
@Validated
@GroupSequence({ValidateGroup.FirstGroup.class, BaseMessageRequestBean.class})
public class BaseMessageRequestBean {
//渠道类型
@NotNull(message = "channelType为NULL", groups = ValidateGroup.FirstGroup.class)
private String channelType;
//消息(模板消息或者普通消息)
@NotNull(message = "data为NUll", groups = ValidateGroup.FirstGroup.class)
@Valid
private Object data;
//业务类型
@NotNull(message = "bizType为NULL", groups = ValidateGroup.FirstGroup.class)
private String bizType;
//消息推送对象
@NotBlank(message = "toUser为BLANK", groups = ValidateGroup.FirstGroup.class)
private String toUser;
private long createTime = Instant.now().getEpochSecond();
......
}
请自行参考:@Validated和@Valid区别
五、validator基本使用
@RestController
public class TestValidatorController {
@RequestMapping("/test/validator")
public void test(@Validated BaseMessageRequestBean bean){
...
}
}
这种使用方式有一个弊端,不能自定义返回异常。spring如果验证失败,则直接抛出异常,一般不可控。
六、借助BindingResult
@RestController
public class TestValidatorController {
@RequestMapping("/test/validator")
public void test(@Validated BaseMessageRequestBean bean, BindingResult result){
result.getAllErrors();
...
}
}
如果方法中有BindingResult类型的参数,spring校验完成之后会将校验结果传给这个参数。通过BindingResult控制程序抛出自定义类型的异常或者返回不同结果。
七、全局拦截校验器
当然了,需要在借助BindingResult的前提下...
@Aspect
@Component
public class ControllerValidatorAspect {
@Around("execution(* com.*.controller..*.*(..)) && args(..,result)")
public Object doAround(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp, result result) {
result.getFieldErrors();
...
}
}
这种方式可以减少controller层校验的代码,校验逻辑统一处理,更高效。
八、借助ValidatorUtils工具类
@Bean
public Validator validator() {
return new LocalValidatorFactoryBean();
}
LocalValidatorFactoryBean官方示意
LocalValidatorFactoryBean是Spring应用程序上下文中javax.validation(JSR-303)设置的中心类:它引导javax.validation.ValidationFactory并通过Spring Validator接口以及JSR-303 Validator接口和ValidatorFactory公开它。界面本身。通过Spring或JSR-303 Validator接口与该bean的实例进行通信时,您将与底层ValidatorFactory的默认Validator进行通信。这非常方便,因为您不必在工厂执行另一个调用,假设您几乎总是会使用默认的Validator。这也可以直接注入Validator类型的任何目标依赖项!从Spring 5.0开始,这个类需要Bean Validation 1.1+,特别支持Hibernate Validator 5.x(参见setValidationMessageSource(org.springframework.context.MessageSource))。这个类也与Bean Validation 2.0和Hibernate Validator 6.0运行时兼容,有一个特别说明:如果你想调用BV 2.0的getClockProvider()方法,通过#unwrap(ValidatorFactory.class)获取本机ValidatorFactory,在那里调用返回的本机引用上的getClockProvider()方法。Spring的MVC配置命名空间也使用此类,如果存在javax.validation API但未配置显式Validator。
public class ValidatorUtils implements ApplicationContextAware {
@Override
public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
ValidatorUtils.validator = (Validator) applicationContext.getBean("validator");
}
private static Validator validator;
public static Optional<String> validateResultProcess(Object obj) {
Set<ConstraintViolation<Object>> results = validator.validate(obj);
if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(results)) {
return Optional.empty();
}
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (Iterator<ConstraintViolation<Object>> iterator = results.iterator(); iterator.hasNext(); ) {
sb.append(iterator.next().getMessage());
if (iterator.hasNext()) {
sb.append(" ,");
}
}
return Optional.of(sb.toString());
}
}
为什么要使用这个工具类呢?
1、controller方法中不用加入BindingResult参数
2、controller方法中需要校验的参数也不需要加入@Valid或者@Validated注解
怎么样是不是又省去了好多代码,开不开心。
具体使用,在controller方法或者全局拦截校验器中调用ValidatorUtils.validateResultProcess(需要校验的Bean) 直接获取校验的结果。
请参考更多功能的ValidatorUtils工具类。
九、自定义校验器
定义一个MessageRequestBean,继承BaseMessageRequestBean,signature字段需要我们自定义校验逻辑。
@Validated
@GroupSequence({ValidateGroup.FirstGroup.class, ValidateGroup.SecondeGroup.class, MessageRequestBean.class})
@LogicValidate(groups = ValidateGroup.SecondeGroup.class)
public class MessageRequestBean extends BaseMessageRequestBean {
//签名信息(除该字段外的其他字段按照字典序排序,将值顺序拼接在一起,进行md5+Base64签名算法)
@NotBlank(message = "signature为BLANK", groups = ValidateGroup.FirstGroup.class)
private String signature;
...
}
实现自定义校验逻辑也很简单......
1、自定义一个带有 @Constraint注解的注解@LogicValidate,validatedBy 属性指向该注解对应的自定义校验器
@Target({TYPE})
@Retention(RUNTIME)
//指定验证器
@Constraint(validatedBy = LogicValidator.class)
@Documented
public @interface LogicValidate {
String message() default "校验异常";
//分组
Class<?>[] groups() default {};
Class<? extends Payload>[] payload() default {};
}
2、自定义校验器LogicValidator,泛型要关联上自定义的注解和需要校验bean的类型
public class LogicValidator implements ConstraintValidator<LogicValidate, MessageRequestBean> {
@Override
public void initialize(LogicValidate logicValidate) {
}
@Override
public boolean isValid(MessageRequestBean messageRequestBean, ConstraintValidatorContext context) {
String toSignature = StringUtils.join( messageRequestBean.getBizType()
, messageRequestBean.getChannelType()
, messageRequestBean.getData()
, messageRequestBean.getToUser());
String signature = new Base64().encodeAsString(DigestUtils.md5(toSignature));
if (!messageRequestBean.getSignature().equals(signature)) {
context.disableDefaultConstraintViolation();
context.buildConstraintViolationWithTemplate("signature校验失败")
.addConstraintViolation();
return false;
}
return true;
}
}
可以通过ConstraintValidatorContext禁用掉默认的校验配置,然后自定义校验配置,比如校验失败后返回的信息。
十、springboot国际化信息配置
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = MessageSource.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@Conditional(ResourceBundleCondition.class)
@EnableConfigurationProperties
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.messages")
public class MessageSourceAutoConfiguration {
private static final Resource[] NO_RESOURCES = {};
/**
* Comma-separated list of basenames, each following the ResourceBundle convention.
* Essentially a fully-qualified classpath location. If it doesn't contain a package
* qualifier (such as "org.mypackage"), it will be resolved from the classpath root.
*/
private String basename = "messages";
/**
* Message bundles encoding.
*/
private Charset encoding = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
/**
* Loaded resource bundle files cache expiration, in seconds. When set to -1, bundles
* are cached forever.
*/
private int cacheSeconds = -1;
/**
* Set whether to fall back to the system Locale if no files for a specific Locale
* have been found. if this is turned off, the only fallback will be the default file
* (e.g. "messages.properties" for basename "messages").
*/
private boolean fallbackToSystemLocale = true;
/**
* Set whether to always apply the MessageFormat rules, parsing even messages without
* arguments.
*/
private boolean alwaysUseMessageFormat = false;
@Bean
public MessageSource messageSource() {
ResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource = new ResourceBundleMessageSource();
if (StringUtils.hasText(this.basename)) {
messageSource.setBasenames(StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(
StringUtils.trimAllWhitespace(this.basename)));
}
if (this.encoding != null) {
messageSource.setDefaultEncoding(this.encoding.name());
}
messageSource.setFallbackToSystemLocale(this.fallbackToSystemLocale);
messageSource.setCacheSeconds(this.cacheSeconds);
messageSource.setAlwaysUseMessageFormat(this.alwaysUseMessageFormat);
return messageSource;
}
public String getBasename() {
return this.basename;
}
public void setBasename(String basename) {
this.basename = basename;
}
public Charset getEncoding() {
return this.encoding;
}
public void setEncoding(Charset encoding) {
this.encoding = encoding;
}
public int getCacheSeconds() {
return this.cacheSeconds;
}
public void setCacheSeconds(int cacheSeconds) {
this.cacheSeconds = cacheSeconds;
}
public boolean isFallbackToSystemLocale() {
return this.fallbackToSystemLocale;
}
public void setFallbackToSystemLocale(boolean fallbackToSystemLocale) {
this.fallbackToSystemLocale = fallbackToSystemLocale;
}
public boolean isAlwaysUseMessageFormat() {
return this.alwaysUseMessageFormat;
}
public void setAlwaysUseMessageFormat(boolean alwaysUseMessageFormat) {
this.alwaysUseMessageFormat = alwaysUseMessageFormat;
}
protected static class ResourceBundleCondition extends SpringBootCondition {
private static ConcurrentReferenceHashMap<String, ConditionOutcome> cache = new ConcurrentReferenceHashMap<String, ConditionOutcome>();
@Override
public ConditionOutcome getMatchOutcome(ConditionContext context,
AnnotatedTypeMetadata metadata) {
String basename = context.getEnvironment()
.getProperty("spring.messages.basename", "messages");
ConditionOutcome outcome = cache.get(basename);
if (outcome == null) {
outcome = getMatchOutcomeForBasename(context, basename);
cache.put(basename, outcome);
}
return outcome;
}
private ConditionOutcome getMatchOutcomeForBasename(ConditionContext context,
String basename) {
ConditionMessage.Builder message = ConditionMessage
.forCondition("ResourceBundle");
for (String name : StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(
StringUtils.trimAllWhitespace(basename))) {
for (Resource resource : getResources(context.getClassLoader(), name)) {
if (resource.exists()) {
return ConditionOutcome
.match(message.found("bundle").items(resource));
}
}
}
return ConditionOutcome.noMatch(
message.didNotFind("bundle with basename " + basename).atAll());
}
private Resource[] getResources(ClassLoader classLoader, String name) {
try {
return new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver(classLoader)
.getResources("classpath*:" + name + ".properties");
}
catch (Exception ex) {
return NO_RESOURCES;
}
}
}
}
从上面的MessageSource自动配置可以看出,可以通过spring.message.basename指定要配置国际化文件位置,默认值是“message”。spring boot默认就支持国际化的,默认会去resouces目录下寻找message.properties文件。
这里就不进行过多关于国际化相关信息的介绍了,肯定少不了区域解析器。springboot国际化相关知识请参考:Spring Boot国际化(i18n)
来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/hujunzheng/p/9952563.html