Mysql Explain 详解

Mysql Explain 详解


一.语法

explain < table_name >

例如: explain select * from t3 where id=3952602;

二.explain输出解释

+----+-------------+-------+-------+-------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type  | possible_keys     | key     | key_len | ref   | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+-------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+

1.id
  我的理解是SQL执行的顺利的标识,SQL从大到小的执行.

例如:
mysql> explain select * from (select * from ( select * from t3 where id=3952602) a) b;
+----+-------------+------------+--------+-------------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table      | type   | possible_keys     | key     | key_len | ref  | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+--------+-------------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------+
|  1 | PRIMARY     | <derived2> | system | NULL              | NULL    | NULL    | NULL |    1 |       |
|  2 | DERIVED     | <derived3> | system | NULL              | NULL    | NULL    | NULL |    1 |       |
|  3 | DERIVED     | t3         | const  | PRIMARY,idx_t3_id | PRIMARY | 4       |      |    1 |       |
+----+-------------+------------+--------+-------------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------+

很显然这条SQL是从里向外的执行,就是从id=3 向上执行.

2. select_type

就是select类型,可以有以下几种

(1) SIMPLE
简单SELECT(不使用UNION或子查询等) 例如:
mysql> explain select * from t3 where id=3952602;
+----+-------------+-------+-------+-------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type  | possible_keys     | key     | key_len | ref   | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+-------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | t3    | const | PRIMARY,idx_t3_id | PRIMARY | 4       | const |    1 |       |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+-------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+

(2). PRIMARY

我的理解是最外层的select.例如:

mysql> explain select * from (select * from t3 where id=3952602) a ;
+----+-------------+------------+--------+-------------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table      | type   | possible_keys     | key     | key_len | ref  | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+--------+-------------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------+
|  1 | PRIMARY     | <derived2> | system | NULL              | NULL    | NULL    | NULL |    1 |       |
|  2 | DERIVED     | t3         | const  | PRIMARY,idx_t3_id | PRIMARY | 4       |      |    1 |       |
+----+-------------+------------+--------+-------------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------+

(3).UNION

UNION中的第二个或后面的SELECT语句.例如
mysql> explain select * from t3 where id=3952602 union all select * from t3 ;
+----+--------------+------------+-------+-------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| id | select_type  | table      | type  | possible_keys     | key     | key_len | ref   | rows | Extra |
+----+--------------+------------+-------+-------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
|  1 | PRIMARY      | t3         | const | PRIMARY,idx_t3_id | PRIMARY | 4       | const |    1 |       |
|  2 | UNION        | t3         | ALL   | NULL              | NULL    | NULL    | NULL  | 1000 |       |
|NULL | UNION RESULT | <union1,2> | ALL   | NULL              | NULL    | NULL    | NULL  | NULL |       |
+----+--------------+------------+-------+-------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+

(4).DEPENDENT UNION

UNION中的第二个或后面的SELECT语句，取决于外面的查询

mysql> explain select * from t3 where id in (select id from t3 where id=3952602 union all select id from t3)  ;
+----+--------------------+------------+--------+-------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type        | table      | type   | possible_keys     | key     | key_len | ref   | rows | Extra                    |
+----+--------------------+------------+--------+-------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+--------------------------+
|  1 | PRIMARY            | t3         | ALL    | NULL              | NULL    | NULL    | NULL  | 1000 | Using where              |
|  2 | DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | t3         | const  | PRIMARY,idx_t3_id | PRIMARY | 4       | const |    1 | Using index              |
|  3 | DEPENDENT UNION    | t3         | eq_ref | PRIMARY,idx_t3_id | PRIMARY | 4       | func  |    1 | Using where; Using index |
|NULL | UNION RESULT       | <union2,3> | ALL    | NULL              | NULL    | NULL    | NULL  | NULL |                          |
+----+--------------------+------------+--------+-------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+--------------------------+

(4).UNION RESULT

UNION的结果。

mysql> explain select * from t3 where id=3952602 union all select * from t3 ;
+----+--------------+------------+-------+-------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| id | select_type  | table      | type  | possible_keys     | key     | key_len | ref   | rows | Extra |
+----+--------------+------------+-------+-------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
|  1 | PRIMARY      | t3         | const | PRIMARY,idx_t3_id | PRIMARY | 4       | const |    1 |       |
|  2 | UNION        | t3         | ALL   | NULL              | NULL    | NULL    | NULL  | 1000 |       |
|NULL | UNION RESULT | <union1,2> | ALL   | NULL              | NULL    | NULL    | NULL  | NULL |       |
+----+--------------+------------+-------+-------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+

(5).SUBQUERY

子查询中的第一个SELECT.

mysql> explain select * from t3 where id = (select id from t3 where id=3952602 )  ;
+----+-------------+-------+-------+-------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | type  | possible_keys     | key     | key_len | ref   | rows | Extra       |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+-------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------------+
|  1 | PRIMARY     | t3    | const | PRIMARY,idx_t3_id | PRIMARY | 4       | const |    1 |             |
|  2 | SUBQUERY    | t3    | const | PRIMARY,idx_t3_id | PRIMARY | 4       |       |    1 | Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+-------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------------+

(6).  DEPENDENT SUBQUERY

子查询中的第一个SELECT，取决于外面的查询

mysql> explain select id from t3 where id in (select id from t3 where id=3952602 )  ;
+----+--------------------+-------+-------+-------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type        | table | type  | possible_keys     | key     | key_len | ref   | rows | Extra                    |
+----+--------------------+-------+-------+-------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+--------------------------+
|  1 | PRIMARY            | t3    | index | NULL              | PRIMARY | 4       | NULL  | 1000 | Using where; Using index |
|  2 | DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | t3    | const | PRIMARY,idx_t3_id | PRIMARY | 4       | const |    1 | Using index              |
+----+--------------------+-------+-------+-------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+--------------------------+


(7).DERIVED

派生表的SELECT(FROM子句的子查询)

mysql> explain select * from (select * from t3 where id=3952602) a ;
+----+-------------+------------+--------+-------------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table      | type   | possible_keys     | key     | key_len | ref  | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+--------+-------------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------+
|  1 | PRIMARY     | <derived2> | system | NULL              | NULL    | NULL    | NULL |    1 |       |
|  2 | DERIVED     | t3         | const  | PRIMARY,idx_t3_id | PRIMARY | 4       |      |    1 |       |
+----+-------------+------------+--------+-------------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------+


3.table

显示这一行的数据是关于哪张表的.
有时不是真实的表名字,看到的是derivedx(x是个数字,我的理解是第几步执行的结果)

mysql> explain select * from (select * from ( select * from t3 where id=3952602) a) b;
+----+-------------+------------+--------+-------------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table      | type   | possible_keys     | key     | key_len | ref  | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+--------+-------------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------+
|  1 | PRIMARY     | <derived2> | system | NULL              | NULL    | NULL    | NULL |    1 |       |
|  2 | DERIVED     | <derived3> | system | NULL              | NULL    | NULL    | NULL |    1 |       |
|  3 | DERIVED     | t3         | const  | PRIMARY,idx_t3_id | PRIMARY | 4       |      |    1 |       |
+----+-------------+------------+--------+-------------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------+

4.type

这列很重要,显示了连接使用了哪种类别,有无使用索引.
从最好到最差的连接类型为const、eq_reg、ref、range、indexhe和ALL

(1).system

这是const联接类型的一个特例。表仅有一行满足条件.如下(t3表上的id是 primary key)

mysql> explain select * from (select * from t3 where id=3952602) a ;
+----+-------------+------------+--------+-------------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table      | type   | possible_keys     | key     | key_len | ref  | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+--------+-------------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------+
|  1 | PRIMARY     | <derived2> | system | NULL              | NULL    | NULL    | NULL |    1 |       |
|  2 | DERIVED     | t3         | const  | PRIMARY,idx_t3_id | PRIMARY | 4       |      |    1 |       |
+----+-------------+------------+--------+-------------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------+

(2).const

表最多有一个匹配行，它将在查询开始时被读取。因为仅有一行，在这行的列值可被优化器剩余部分认为是常数。const表很快，因为它们只读取一次！

const用于用常数值比较PRIMARY KEY或UNIQUE索引的所有部分时。在下面的查询中，tbl_name可以用于const表：
SELECT * from tbl_name WHERE primary_key=1；
SELECT * from tbl_name WHERE primary_key_part1=1和 primary_key_part2=2；

例如:
mysql> explain select * from t3 where id=3952602;
+----+-------------+-------+-------+-------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type  | possible_keys     | key     | key_len | ref   | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+-------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | t3    | const | PRIMARY,idx_t3_id | PRIMARY | 4       | const |    1 |       |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+-------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+