详解用Python实现自动化监控远程服务器

最近发现Python课器做很多事情，在监控服务器有其独特的优势，耗费资源少，开发周期短。

首先我们做一个定时或者实时脚本timedtask.py，让其定时监控目标服务器，两种方式：

第一种：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time  : 2017/11/27 15:59
# @Desc  : 定时任务，以需要的时间间隔执行某个命令
# @File  : timedtask.py
# @Software: PyCharm

import time, os
from monitorserver import alltask

def roll_back(cmd, inc = 60):
 while True:
   #执行方法，函数
   alltask()
   time.sleep(inc)

roll_back("echo ％time％", 5)

第二种：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time  : 2017/11/27 15:59
# @Desc  : 定时任务，以需要的时间间隔执行某个命令
# @File  : timedtask.py
# @Software: PyCharm

import time, os

def roll_back(cmd, inc = 60):
 while True:
   #监控代码文件所在位置
   os.system('python /home/../monitorserver.py');
   time.sleep(inc)

roll_back("echo ％time％", 5)

做过监控应该都知道，我们主要监控服务器，负载均衡、磁盘、内存、CPU、网络接口（流量）、端口代码，主要针对这些，我做了以下远程监控，第一种和第二种监控代码一样，代码monitorserver.py如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time  : 2017/11/27 15:59
# @Desc  : 服务器监控代码
# @File  : monitorserver.py
# @Software: PyCharm

import pexpect
import re

import time
import threading

"""
主方法
127.0.0.1#远程服务器ip地址
"""
def ssh_command(user, host, password, command):
 ssh_new_key = 'Are you sure you want to continue connecting'
 child = pexpect.spawn('ssh -l ％s ％s ％s' ％ (user, host, command))
 i = child.expect([pexpect.TIMEOUT, ssh_new_key, 'password: '])
 if i == 0:
   print 'ERROR!'
   print 'SSH could not login. Here is what SSH said:'
   print child.before, child.after
   return None
 if i == 1:
   child.sendline('yes')
   child.expect('password: ')
   i = child.expect([pexpect.TIMEOUT, 'password: '])
   if i == 0:
     print 'ERROR!'
     print 'SSH could not login. Here is what SSH said:'
     print child.before, child.after
     return None
 child.sendline(password)
 return child

"""
内存监控
"""
def mem_info():

child = ssh_command("远程服务器用户名", "127.0.0.1", "远程服务器密码", "cat /proc/meminfo")
 child.expect(pexpect.EOF)
 mem = child.before
 mem_values = re.findall("(\d+)\ kB", mem)
 MemTotal = mem_values[0]
 MemFree = mem_values[1]
 Buffers = mem_values[2]
 Cached = mem_values[3]
 SwapCached=mem_values[4]
 SwapTotal = mem_values[13]
 SwapFree = mem_values[14]
 print '******************************内存监控*********************************'
 print "*******************时间：", time.strftime("％Y-％m-％d ％H:％M:％S", time.localtime()), "******************"
 print "总内存：",MemTotal
 print "空闲内存：", MemFree
 print "给文件的缓冲大小:",Buffers
 print "高速缓冲存储器使用的大小:", Cached
 print "被高速缓冲存储用的交换空间大小:", SwapCached
 print "给文件的缓冲大小:", Buffers
 if int(SwapTotal) == 0:
   print u"交换内存总共为：0"
 else:
   Rate_Swap = 100 - 100*int(SwapFree)/float(SwapTotal)
   print u"交换内存利用率：", Rate_Swap
 Free_Mem = int(MemFree) + int(Buffers) + int(Cached)
 Used_Mem = int(MemTotal) - Free_Mem
 Rate_Mem = 100*Used_Mem/float(MemTotal)
 print u"内存利用率：", str("％.2f" ％ Rate_Mem), "％"

"""
内核线程、虚拟内存、磁盘、陷阱和 CPU 活动的统计信息
"""
def vm_stat_info():
 child = ssh_command("远程服务器用户名", "127.0.0.1", "远程服务器密码", "vmstat 1 2 | tail -n 1")
 child.expect(pexpect.EOF)
 vmstat_info = child.before.strip().split()
 processes_waiting = vmstat_info[0]
 processes_sleep = vmstat_info[1]
 swpd = vmstat_info[2]
 free = vmstat_info[3]
 buff = vmstat_info[4]
 cache = vmstat_info[5]
 si = vmstat_info[6]
 so = vmstat_info[7]
 io_bi = vmstat_info[8]
 io_bo = vmstat_info[9]
 system_interrupt = vmstat_info[10]
 system_context_switch = vmstat_info[11]
 cpu_user = vmstat_info[12]
 cpu_sys = vmstat_info[13]
 cpu_idle = vmstat_info[14]
 cpu_wait = vmstat_info[15]
 st=vmstat_info[16]
 print '****************************内核线程、虚拟内存、磁盘、陷阱和 CPU 活动的统计信息监控****************************'
 print "*******************时间：", time.strftime("％Y-％m-％d ％H:％M:％S", time.localtime()), "******************"
 print "等待运行进程的数量:", processes_waiting
 print "处于不间断状态的进程:", processes_sleep
 print "使用虚拟内存(swap)的总量:", swpd
 print "空闲的内存总量:", free
 print "用作缓冲的内存总量:", buff
 print "用作缓存的内存总量:", cache
 print "交换出内存总量 :", si
 print "交换入内存总量 :", so
 print "从一个块设备接收:", io_bi
 print "发送到块设备:", io_bo
 print "每秒的中断数:", system_interrupt
 print "每秒的上下文切换数:", system_context_switch
 print "用户空间上进程运行的时间百分比:", cpu_user
 print "内核空间上进程运行的时间百分比:", cpu_sys
 print "闲置时间百分比:", cpu_idle
 print "等待IO的时间百分比:", cpu_wait
 print "从虚拟机偷取的时间百分比:", st

'''
cpu监控
'''
def cpu_info():
 child = ssh_command("远程服务器用户名", "127.0.0.1", "远程服务器密码", "cat /proc/cpuinfo")
 child.expect(pexpect.EOF)
 cpuinfo = child.before
 cpu_num = re.findall('processor.*?(\d+)', cpuinfo)[-1]
 cpu_num = str(int(cpu_num) + 1)
 print '***************************************cpu监控***************************************'
 print "*******************时间：", time.strftime("％Y-％m-％d ％H:％M:％S", time.localtime()), "******************"
 print u"CPU数目：", cpu_num
 li = cpuinfo.replace('\t', '').split('\r')
 CPUinfo = {}
 procinfo = {}
 nprocs = 0
 for line in li:
   if line.find("processor") > -1:
     CPUinfo['CPU％s' ％ nprocs] = procinfo
     nprocs = nprocs + 1
   else:
     if len(line.split(':')) == 2:
       procinfo[line.split(':')[0].strip()] = line.split(':')[1].strip()
     else:
       procinfo[line.split(':')[0].strip()] = ''
 for processor in CPUinfo.keys():
   print "CPU属于的名字及其编号、标称主频:",CPUinfo[processor]['model name']
   print "CPU属于其系列中的哪一代的代号:", CPUinfo[processor]['model']
   print "CPU制造商:", CPUinfo[processor]['vendor_id']
   print "CPU产品系列代号:", CPUinfo[processor]['cpu family']
   print "CPU的实际使用主频:", CPUinfo[processor]['cpu MHz']

"""
负载均衡
"""
def load_stat():
 child = ssh_command("远程服务器用户名", "127.0.0.1", "远程服务器密码", "cat /proc/loadavg")
 child.expect(pexpect.EOF)
 loadavgs = child.before.strip().split()
 print '************************负载均衡监控****************************'
 print "*******************时间：",time.strftime("％Y-％m-％d ％H:％M:％S", time.localtime()),"******************"
 print "系统5分钟前的平均负载：", loadavgs[0]
 print "系统10分钟前的平均负载：", loadavgs[1]
 print "系统15分钟前的平均负载：", loadavgs[2]
 print "分子是正在运行的进程数,分母为总进程数：",loadavgs[3]
 print "最近运行的进程id：", loadavgs[4]

"""
获取网络接口的输入和输出
"""
def ionetwork():
 child = ssh_command("远程服务器用户名", "127.0.0.1", "远程服务器密码", "cat /proc/net/dev")
 child.expect(pexpect.EOF)
 netdata = child.before
 li = netdata.strip().split('\n')
 print '************************获取网络接口的输入和输出监控****************************'
 print "*******************时间：",time.strftime("％Y-％m-％d ％H:％M:％S", time.localtime()),"******************"
 net = {}
 for line in li[2:]:
   line = line.split(":")
   eth_name = line[0].strip()
   # if eth_name != 'lo':
   net_io = {}
   net_io['Receive'] = round(float(line[1].split()[0]) / (1024.0 * 1024.0), 2)
   net_io['Transmit'] = round(float(line[1].split()[8]) / (1024.0 * 1024.0), 2)
   net[eth_name] = net_io
 print net

"""
磁盘空间监控
"""
def disk_stat():
 child = ssh_command("远程服务器用户名", "127.0.0.1", "远程服务器密码", "df -h")
 child.expect(pexpect.EOF)
 disk = child.before
 disklist = disk.strip().split('\n')
 disklists=[]
 for disk in disklist:
   disklists.append(disk.strip().split())
 print '************************磁盘空间监控****************************'
 print "*******************时间：", time.strftime("％Y-％m-％d ％H:％M:％S", time.localtime()), "******************"
 for i in disklists[1:]:
   print "\t文件系统：", i[0],
   print "\t容量：", i[1],
   print "\t已用：", i[2],
   print "\t可用：", i[3],
   print "\t已用％挂载点：", i[4]

"""
端口监控
一般是远程服务器用户名用户
"""
def getComStr():
 child = ssh_command("远程服务器用户名", "127.0.0.1", "远程服务器密码", "netstat -tpln")
 child.expect(pexpect.EOF)
 Com = child.before
 print '******************************端口监控*********************************'
 print "*******************时间：", time.strftime("％Y-％m-％d ％H:％M:％S", time.localtime()), "******************"
 print Com

"""
获取网络接口的输入和输出
"""
def cpu():
 child = ssh_command("远程服务器用户名", "127.0.0.1", "远程服务器密码", 'cat /proc/stat | grep "cpu "')
 child.expect(pexpect.EOF)
 child1 = ssh_command("远程服务器用户名", "127.0.0.1", "远程服务器密码", 'cat /proc/stat | grep "cpu "')
 child1.expect(pexpect.EOF)
 cpus = child.before.strip().split()
 cpus1 = child1.before.strip().split()
 print '************************cpu使用情况****************************'
 print "*******************时间：",time.strftime("％Y-％m-％d ％H:％M:％S", time.localtime()),"******************"
 T1=int(cpus[1])+int(cpus[2])+int(cpus[3])+int(cpus[4])+int(cpus[5])+int(cpus[6])+int(cpus[8])+int(cpus[9])
 T2=int(cpus1[1]) + int(cpus1[2]) + int(cpus1[3]) + int(cpus1[4] )+ int(cpus1[5] )+int( cpus1[6] )+ int(cpus1[8] )+ int(cpus1[9])
 Tol=T2-T1
 Idle=int(cpus1[4]) - int(cpus[4])
 print '总的cpu时间1:',T1
 print '总的cpu时间2:', T2
 print '时间间隔内的所有时间片:', Tol
 print '计算空闲时间idle:', Idle
 print "计算cpu使用率：",100*(Tol-Idle)/Tol,"％"

"""
第一种执行
"""
def alltask():
 try:
   threads = []
   t1 = threading.Thread(target=mem_info)
   threads.append(t1)
   t2 = threading.Thread(target=vm_stat_info)
   threads.append(t2)
   t3 = threading.Thread(target=cpu_info)
   threads.append(t3)
   t4 = threading.Thread(target=load_stat)
   threads.append(t4)
   t5 = threading.Thread(target=ionetwork)
   threads.append(t5)
   t6 = threading.Thread(target=disk_stat)
   threads.append(t6)
   t7 = threading.Thread(target=getComStr)
   threads.append(t7)
   t8 = threading.Thread(target=cpu)
   threads.append(t8)
   for n in range(len(threads)):
     threads[n].start()
 except Exception, e:
   print str(e)

"""
第二种执行
"""
if __name__ == '__main__':
 try:
   threads = []
   t1 = threading.Thread(target=mem_info)
   threads.append(t1)
   t2 = threading.Thread(target=vm_stat_info)
   threads.append(t2)
   t3 = threading.Thread(target=cpu_info)
   threads.append(t3)
   t4 = threading.Thread(target=load_stat)
   threads.append(t4)
   t5 = threading.Thread(target=ionetwork)
   threads.append(t5)
   t6 = threading.Thread(target=disk_stat)
   threads.append(t6)
   t7 = threading.Thread(target=getComStr)
   threads.append(t7)
   t8 = threading.Thread(target=cpu)
   threads.append(t8)
   for n in range(len(threads)):
     threads[n].start()
 except Exception, e:
   print str(e)

监控结果如下：

接下来做的是把监控结果可视化，即可，可惜没时间做，就交给各位了！！！

花了两天时间整理的，分享给大家，希望对各位有帮助！！！

以上所述是小编给大家介绍的用Python实现自动化监控远程服务器详解整合网站的支持！

来源：https://blog.csdn.net/ITLearnHall/article/details/80693913