windowns使用PySpark环境配置和基本操作
作者:Nick_Spider 时间:2021-04-12 06:43:06
下载依赖
首先需要下载hadoop和spark,解压,然后设置环境变量。
hadoop清华源下载
spark清华源下载
HADOOP_HOME => /path/hadoop
SPARK_HOME => /path/spark
安装pyspark。
pip install pyspark
基本使用
可以在shell终端,输入pyspark,有如下回显:
输入以下指令进行测试,并创建SparkContext,SparkContext是任何spark功能的入口点。
>>> from pyspark import SparkContext
>>> sc = SparkContext("local", "First App")
如果以上不会报错,恭喜可以开始使用pyspark编写代码了。
不过,我这里使用IDE来编写代码,首先我们先在终端执行以下代码关闭SparkContext。
>>> sc.stop()
下面使用pycharm编写代码,如果修改了环境变量需要先重启pycharm。
在pycharm运行如下程序,程序会起本地模式的spark计算引擎,通过spark统计abc.txt文件中a和b出现行的数量,文件路径需要自己指定。
from pyspark import SparkContext
sc = SparkContext("local", "First App")
logFile = "abc.txt"
logData = sc.textFile(logFile).cache()
numAs = logData.filter(lambda s: 'a' in s).count()
numBs = logData.filter(lambda s: 'b' in s).count()
print("Line with a:%i,line with b:%i" % (numAs, numBs))
运行结果如下:
20/03/11 16:15:57 WARN NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
Using Spark's default log4j profile: org/apache/spark/log4j-defaults.properties
Setting default log level to "WARN".
To adjust logging level use sc.setLogLevel(newLevel). For SparkR, use setLogLevel(newLevel).
20/03/11 16:15:58 WARN Utils: Service 'SparkUI' could not bind on port 4040. Attempting port 4041.
Line with a:3,line with b:1
这里说一下,同样的工作使用python可以做,spark也可以做,使用spark主要是为了高效的进行分布式计算。
戳pyspark教程
戳spark教程
RDD
RDD代表Resilient Distributed Dataset,它们是在多个节点上运行和操作以在集群上进行并行处理的元素,RDD是spark计算的操作对象。
一般,我们先使用数据创建RDD,然后对RDD进行操作。
对RDD操作有两种方法:
Transformation(转换) - 这些操作应用于RDD以创建新的RDD。例如filter,groupBy和map。
Action(操作) - 这些是应用于RDD的操作,它指示Spark执行计算并将结果发送回驱动程序,例如count,collect等。
创建RDD
parallelize是从列表创建RDD,先看一个例子:
from pyspark import SparkContext
sc = SparkContext("local", "count app")
words = sc.parallelize(
["scala",
"java",
"hadoop",
"spark",
"akka",
"spark vs hadoop",
"pyspark",
"pyspark and spark"
])
print(words)
结果中我们得到一个对象,就是我们列表数据的RDD对象,spark之后可以对他进行操作。
ParallelCollectionRDD[0] at parallelize at PythonRDD.scala:195
Count
count方法返回RDD中的元素个数。
from pyspark import SparkContext
sc = SparkContext("local", "count app")
words = sc.parallelize(
["scala",
"java",
"hadoop",
"spark",
"akka",
"spark vs hadoop",
"pyspark",
"pyspark and spark"
])
print(words)
counts = words.count()
print("Number of elements in RDD -> %i" % counts)
返回结果:
Number of elements in RDD -> 8
Collect
collect返回RDD中的所有元素。
from pyspark import SparkContext
sc = SparkContext("local", "collect app")
words = sc.parallelize(
["scala",
"java",
"hadoop",
"spark",
"akka",
"spark vs hadoop",
"pyspark",
"pyspark and spark"
])
coll = words.collect()
print("Elements in RDD -> %s" % coll)
返回结果:
Elements in RDD -> ['scala', 'java', 'hadoop', 'spark', 'akka', 'spark vs hadoop', 'pyspark', 'pyspark and spark']
foreach
每个元素会使用foreach内的函数进行处理,但是不会返回任何对象。
下面的程序中,我们定义的一个累加器accumulator,用于储存在foreach执行过程中的值。
from pyspark import SparkContext
sc = SparkContext("local", "ForEach app")
accum = sc.accumulator(0)
data = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
rdd = sc.parallelize(data)
def increment_counter(x):
print(x)
accum.add(x)
return 0
s = rdd.foreach(increment_counter)
print(s) # None
print("Counter value: ", accum)
返回结果:
None
Counter value: 15
filter
返回一个包含元素的新RDD,满足过滤器的条件。
from pyspark import SparkContext
sc = SparkContext("local", "Filter app")
words = sc.parallelize(
["scala",
"java",
"hadoop",
"spark",
"akka",
"spark vs hadoop",
"pyspark",
"pyspark and spark"]
)
words_filter = words.filter(lambda x: 'spark' in x)
filtered = words_filter.collect()
print("Fitered RDD -> %s" % (filtered))
Fitered RDD -> ['spark', 'spark vs hadoop', 'pyspark', 'pyspark and spark']
也可以改写成这样:
from pyspark import SparkContext
sc = SparkContext("local", "Filter app")
words = sc.parallelize(
["scala",
"java",
"hadoop",
"spark",
"akka",
"spark vs hadoop",
"pyspark",
"pyspark and spark"]
)
def g(x):
for i in x:
if "spark" in x:
return i
words_filter = words.filter(g)
filtered = words_filter.collect()
print("Fitered RDD -> %s" % (filtered))
map
将函数应用于RDD中的每个元素并返回新的RDD。
from pyspark import SparkContext
sc = SparkContext("local", "Map app")
words = sc.parallelize(
["scala",
"java",
"hadoop",
"spark",
"akka",
"spark vs hadoop",
"pyspark",
"pyspark and spark"]
)
words_map = words.map(lambda x: (x, 1, "_{}".format(x)))
mapping = words_map.collect()
print("Key value pair -> %s" % (mapping))
返回结果:
Key value pair -> [('scala', 1, '_scala'), ('java', 1, '_java'), ('hadoop', 1, '_hadoop'), ('spark', 1, '_spark'), ('akka', 1, '_akka'), ('spark vs hadoop', 1, '_spark vs hadoop'), ('pyspark', 1, '_pyspark'), ('pyspark and spark', 1, '_pyspark and spark')]
Reduce
执行指定的可交换和关联二元操作后,然后返回RDD中的元素。
from pyspark import SparkContext
from operator import add
sc = SparkContext("local", "Reduce app")
nums = sc.parallelize([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
adding = nums.reduce(add)
print("Adding all the elements -> %i" % (adding))
这里的add是python内置的函数,可以使用ide查看:
def add(a, b):
"Same as a + b."
return a + b
reduce会依次对元素相加,相加后的结果加上其他元素,最后返回结果(RDD中的元素)。
Adding all the elements -> 15
Join
返回RDD,包含两者同时匹配的键,键包含对应的所有元素。
from pyspark import SparkContext
sc = SparkContext("local", "Join app")
x = sc.parallelize([("spark", 1), ("hadoop", 4), ("python", 4)])
y = sc.parallelize([("spark", 2), ("hadoop", 5)])
print("x =>", x.collect())
print("y =>", y.collect())
joined = x.join(y)
final = joined.collect()
print( "Join RDD -> %s" % (final))
返回结果:
x => [('spark', 1), ('hadoop', 4), ('python', 4)]
y => [('spark', 2), ('hadoop', 5)]
Join RDD -> [('hadoop', (4, 5)), ('spark', (1, 2))]
来源:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39198406/article/details/104798681