Python实现备份文件实例

本文实例讲述了Python实现备份文件的方法，是一个非常实用的技巧。分享给大家供大家参考。具体方法如下：

该实例主要实现读取一个任务文件, 根据指定的任务参数自动备份.

任务文件的格式: (注意,分号后面注释是不支持的)

[task] ; 一项任务开始
dir=h:/Project ; 指定备份的目录
recusive=1 ; 是否递归子目录
suffix=h|cpp|hpp|c|user|filters|vcxproj|sln|css|gif|html|bmp|png|lib|dsw|dsp|htm|html|ico|ini|jpg|rc|vssscc ; 指定备份的扩展名
exclude=0 ; 指定是备份上面的参数指定的扩展名还是排除指定的扩展名
zip=Project.zip ; 备份后的文件路径名

python代码如下:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import sys
import os
import zipfile
class Task:
#dir str directory
#bsub BOOL include subdirectory
#sfx str postsuffix ,sepeated by '|'
#ecld BOOL include or execlude the postsuffix sfx
def __init__(self,dir,bsub,sfx,ecld,zip):
self.dir = dir
self.bsub = bsub
self.suffix = sfx.split("|")
self.exclude = ecld
self.zip = zip

@staticmethod
def isfilter(sfx,sfxs,bexcld):
bFound = False
for e in sfxs:
 if e == sfx:
 bFound = True
 break
if bexcld:
 return not bFound;
else:
 return bFound;

class QBackup:
'''备份指定目录下具备指定扩展名的文件'''
def __init__(self):
self._list = []

def __del__(self):
pass

#tfile 任务文件
def ReadTask(self,tfile):
dir = ""
bsub = False
sfx = ""
becld = False
zip = ""
try:
 f = open(tfile,'r')
 while True:
 line = f.readline()
 if len(line) == 0:
  break;
 line = line.strip(" ")
 if "[Task]/n".lower() == line.lower():
  # 读取接下来的4行
  iline = 1
  while iline <= 5:
  line = f.readline()
  line = line.strip(" /t/n") # 去除前后的空白符
  idx = line.find("=")
  if -1 == idx:
   break;
  atti = line[0:idx]
  value = line[idx+1:]
  print(value)
  if "dir" == atti:
   dir = value
  elif "recusive" == atti:
   bsub = bool(int(value))
  elif "suffix" == atti:
   sufix = value
  elif "exclude" == atti:
   becld = bool(int(value))
  elif "zip" == atti:
   zip = value
  else:
   break
  iline += 1
  else:
  t = Task(dir,bsub,sufix,becld,zip)
  self._list.append(t)
except:
 return False
return True

def DoBackup(self):
for e in self._list:
 try:
 zip = zipfile.ZipFile(e.zip,'w',zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)
 self.ZipDir(zip,e.dir,e.bsub,e.suffix,e.exclude)
 zip.close()
 except:
 print("exception raised!")
 return False
return True
def ZipDir(self,zip,dir,bsub,sfxs,ecld):
subdir = ""
path = ""
if os.path.isdir(dir):
 paths = os.listdir(dir)
 #备份本目录
 print("ZipDir: ",dir)
 for e in paths:
 path = dir + "/" + e
 ext = os.path.splitext(e)[1][1:]
 if os.path.isfile(path) and Task.isfilter(ext,sfxs,ecld):
  print ("ZipFile: ",path)
  zip.write(path)
 #清理子目录
 if bsub:
 for e in paths:
  subdir = dir + "/" + e
  self.ZipDir(zip,subdir,bsub,sfxs,ecld)

def PrintTask(self):
for e in self._list:
 print (e.dir,e.bsub,e.suffix,e.exclude,e.zip)

if '__main__' == __name__:
c = QBackup()
c.ReadTask("bkup.txt")
c.DoBackup()

希望本文所述对大家Python程序设计的学习有所帮助。