使用@SpringBootTest注解进行单元测试

概述

@SpringBootTest注解是SpringBoot自1.4.0版本开始引入的一个用于测试的注解。基本用法如下：

1. 添加Maven依赖

<properties>
 <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>

<parent>
 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
 <version>1.5.6.RELEASE</version>
</parent>

<dependencies>
 <dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
 </dependency>
</dependencies>

<build>
 <plugins>
  <plugin>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
  </plugin>
 </plugins>
</build>

2. 编写启动入口类

@SpringBootApplication
public class StartUpApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
 SpringApplication.run(StartUpApplication.class, args);
}
}

3. 编写Controller类

@RestController
public class HelloController {

@RequestMapping("/")
public String index() {
 return "Hello Spring Boot,Index!";
}

@RequestMapping(value = "/test", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String test() {
 return "Spring Boot Test Demo!";
}
}

4. 编写测试类

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = StartUpApplication.class, webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class HelloControllerTest {

/**
 * @LocalServerPort 提供了 @Value("${local.server.port}") 的代替
 */
@LocalServerPort
private int port;

private URL base;

@Autowired
private TestRestTemplate restTemplate;

@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
 String url = String.format("http://localhost:％d/", port);
 System.out.println(String.format("port is : [％d]", port));
 this.base = new URL(url);
}

/**
 * 向"/test"地址发送请求，并打印返回结果
 * @throws Exception
 */
@Test
public void test1() throws Exception {

ResponseEntity<String> response = this.restTemplate.getForEntity(
   this.base.toString() + "/test", String.class, "");
 System.out.println(String.format("测试结果为：％s", response.getBody()));
}

其中，classes属性指定启动类，SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT经常和测试类中@LocalServerPort一起在注入属性时使用。会随机生成一个端口号。

总结

我们发现，随着Spring boot 版本的提升，单元测试变得更简单了。

来源：https://blog.csdn.net/limenghua9112/article/details/79694849