Android AIDL实现与服务相互调用方式
作者:bug毛毛虫 时间:2021-08-09 10:57:40
通过AIDL接口在进程间传递数据,记录在开发中遇到的一写问题
AIDL支持数据类型如下:
1. Java 的原生类型
2. String 和CharSequence
3. List 和 Map ,List和Map 对象的元素必须是AIDL支持的数据类型; 以上三种类型都不需要导入(import)
4. AIDL 自动生成的接口 需要导入(import)
5. 实现android.os.Parcelable 接口的类. 需要导入(import)。
问题1 在传递非基础数据时 在参数前需加修饰符
void getDatas(in byte[] bs);
void DataWhole(in PackageData data);
}
这里重点是in、out、inout修饰符以及Parcelable的使用!常见的是in、Parcelable,少用的out、inout。
这几种修饰符,可理解如下:
in:客户端的参数输入;
out:服务端的参数输入;
inout:这个可以叫输入输出参数,客户端可输入、服务端也可输入。客户端输入了参数到服务端后,服务端也可对该参数进行修改等,最后在客户端上得到的是服务端输出的参数。
问题2 传递对象时的必要操作
1.必需实现Parcelable接口,内部类必需为静态内部类
2.需在aidl目录创建同类名的AIDL文件,并声明Parcelable,如图
AIDL文件代码就两行
问题3 参数大小的限制
如上在传递byte[] 长度大于1024*1024时会抛出 TransactionTooLargeException 异常
问题4 实现与服务之间互相调用
1.在绑定服务时会返回一个实现了AIDL的对象,这样可以通过对象调用服务中对应实现,
2.可以在应用层实现一个AIDL接口的对象,通过绑定服务返回的AIDL对象回传给服务,这样可以在服务中主动调用应用层的方法实现数据回传通知,
//接收回调
INotification notification = new INotification.Stub() {
@Override
public void Datas(byte[] bs) throws RemoteException {
Log.d(TAG, "Datas: 收到数据=" + Arrays.toString(bs));//已测试 最大数据1024*1024
}
}
//传递回调对象
void setNotification(in INotification Notification);
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
iAidlInterface = IAidlInterface.Stub.asInterface(service);
try {
iAidlInterface.setNotification(notification);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
补充知识:在Android系统中实现AIDL功能
之前实现AIDL的功能都是通过eclipse或者android studio工具实现,最近由于项目需要,需要系统层提供接口给应用层使用,所以想到使用AIDL。下面已一个非常简单的Demo来说明在Android系统平台生成AIDL的jar供应用层使用。
一、AIDL的jar制作
首先新建一个android项目来用生产aidl的jar包,项目结构如下:
gunder@gunder:/mnt/hgfs/ubuntuShare/aidl/SimpleJar$ tree
.
├── Android.mk
└── src
└── com
└── china
└── jar
├── IVoiceClientInterface.aidl
└── VoiceManager.java
只有三个文件,首先看一下IVoiceClientInterface.aidl文件:
package com.china.jar;
interface IVoiceClientInterface{
void face();
}
里面只有一个简单的方法face。 IVoiceClientInterface.aidl主要是服务器端来实现的,而VoiceManager.java是供客户端调用face方法使用的。VoiceManager.java具体实现如下:
package com.china.jar;
import com.china.jar.IVoiceClientInterface;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.HandlerThread;
import android.os.Message;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.util.Log;
import android.os.ServiceManager;
public class VoiceManager {
private static final String TAG = "VoiceManager";
private static VoiceManager mVoiceManager;
private static IVoiceClientInterface mService = null;
public static final String NAME = "simple_jar";
public static final boolean DEBUG_DATA = true;
private final HandlerThread mWorkThread;
private final Handler mWorkHander;
private static final int MSG_INIT_SERVICE = 0x01;
//单例模式
public static synchronized VoiceManager getInstance(){
if (null == mVoiceManager){
synchronized (VoiceManager.class) {
if (null == mVoiceManager){
mVoiceManager = new VoiceManager();
}
}
}
return mVoiceManager;
}
private VoiceManager(){
mWorkThread = new HandlerThread("simple_manager");
mWorkThread.start();
mWorkHander = new Handler(mWorkThread.getLooper()){
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
case MSG_INIT_SERVICE:
removeMessages(MSG_INIT_SERVICE);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
};
}
//获取服务端注册的NAME服务并跟服务端建立连接
private synchronized IVoiceClientInterface getService(){
if (null == mService){
Log.e(TAG, "IVocieService init");
mService = IVoiceClientInterface.Stub.asInterface(ServiceManager
.getService(NAME));
}
if (null == mService){
Log.e(TAG, "jar service is null");
mWorkHander.removeMessages(MSG_INIT_SERVICE);
mWorkHander.sendEmptyMessageDelayed(MSG_INIT_SERVICE, 100);
}
return mService;
}
//调用服务端的face方法,实现两个不同app之间的进程间通信
public void face(){
Log.d(TAG, "face");
mService = getService();
if (null == mService){
Log.e(TAG, "face mService is null!");
return ;
}
try{
mService.face();
}catch(RemoteException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
Android.mk文件主要是用来将IVoiceClientInterface.aidl和VoiceManager.java编译成jar包,以方便在eclipse或者Android Studio中使用。
LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(call all-java-files-under, src)
LOCAL_JAVA_LIBRARIES := simple
LOCAL_PACKAGE_NAME := SimpleService
LOCAL_CERTIFICATE :=platform
include $(BUILD_PACKAGE)
将该项目放置到android系统的packages/apps目录单编就可以生产out/target/common/obj/JAVA_LIBRARIES/SimpleJar_intermediates/classes.jar,classes.jar就可以导入eclipse或者Android Studio中使用。
二、服务端实现AIDL中的接口demo目录结构如下:
gunder@gunder:/mnt/hgfs/ubuntuShare/aidl/SimpleJarService$ tree
.
├── AndroidManifest.xml
├── Android.mk
├── libs
│ └── simple.jar
├── res
│ ├── drawable-hdpi
│ │ └── ic_launcher.png
│ ├── drawable-ldpi
│ ├── drawable-mdpi
│ │ └── ic_launcher.png
│ ├── drawable-xhdpi
│ │ └── ic_launcher.png
│ ├── layout
│ ├── values
│ │ ├── strings.xml
│ │ └── styles.xml
│ ├── values-v11
│ │ └── styles.xml
│ └── values-v14
│ └── styles.xml
└── src
└── com
└── china
└── service
├── BootReceiverBroadcast.java
├── Logger.java
└── SimpleService.java
主要实现只有5个文件:SimpleService.java、Logger.java、BootReceiverBroadcast.java、 Android.mk、 AndroidManifest.xml。SimpleService.java是实现AIDL的服务,具体实现如下:
package com.china.service;
import com.china.jar.IVoiceClientInterface;
import com.china.jar.VoiceManager;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.os.ServiceManager;
public class SimpleService extends Service{
private static VoiceClientInterfaceImpl mBinder;
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
Logger.d();
return mBinder;//跟客户端绑定
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
Logger.d();
if (null == mBinder){
initService();
}
}
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
Logger.d();
if (null == mBinder){
initService();
}
return START_STICKY;
}
//实现AIDL的接口
private class VoiceClientInterfaceImpl extends IVoiceClientInterface.Stub{
@Override
public void face() throws RemoteException {
Logger.d("face----excute!");//客户端调用face方法时这里会执行,会打印face----excute!
}
}
//初始化服务,主要是向系统注册服务
private void initService(){
Logger.d();
if (null == mBinder){
synchronized (SimpleService.class) {
if (null == mBinder){
try {
mBinder = new VoiceClientInterfaceImpl();
ServiceManager.addService(VoiceManager.NAME, mBinder);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
}
Logger.java是打印Log的简单封装,具体如下:
package com.china.service;
import android.util.Log;
import java.util.Locale;
public class Logger {
public static final boolean DEBUG = true;
public static final String DEFAULT_TAG = "AIOS_";
public Logger(){}
public static void d(){
if (DEBUG){
Log.d(DEFAULT_TAG,getPrefix());
}
}
public static void d(String msg){
if (DEBUG){
Log.d(DEFAULT_TAG, getPrefix() + msg);
}
}
public static void d(String msg, Throwable tr){
if (DEBUG){
Log.d(DEFAULT_TAG, getPrefix() + msg, tr);
}
}
private static String getPrefix(){
StackTraceElement stackTraceElement = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace()[4];
String className = stackTraceElement.getClassName();
int classNameStartIndex = className.lastIndexOf(".") + 1;
className = className.substring(classNameStartIndex);
String methodName = stackTraceElement.getMethodName();
int methodLine = stackTraceElement.getLineNumber();
String format = "%s_%s(L:%d)";
return String.format(Locale.CANADA, format, className, methodName, methodLine);
}
}
BootReceiverBroadcast.java是开机完成的时候拉起 SimpleService服务,具体实现如下:
package com.china.service;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
public class BootReceiverBroadcast extends BroadcastReceiver{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Logger.d();
Intent service = new Intent(context, SimpleService.class);//开机启动会拉起服务SimpleService
context.startService(service);
}
}
Android.mk具体实现如下:
LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(call all-java-files-under, src)
LOCAL_PACKAGE_NAME := SimpleService
LOCAL_CERTIFICATE :=platform
LOCAL_PRIVILEGED_MODULE := false
LOCAL_DEX_PREOPT := false
LOCAL_STATIC_JAVA_LIBRARIES := simple
include $(BUILD_PACKAGE)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := optional
LOCAL_PREBUILT_STATIC_JAVA_LIBRARIES :=simple:libs/simple.jar
include $(BUILD_MULTI_PREBUILT)
include $(call all-makefiles-under,$(LOCAL_PATH))
这里的simple.jar是第一步中制作的classes.jar。 AndroidManifest.xml配置文件如下:
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.chinatsp.service"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0"
android:sharedUserId="android.uid.system"
>
<uses-sdk
android:minSdkVersion="8"
android:targetSdkVersion="21" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED"/>
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
<service android:name="com.china.service.SimpleService"></service>
<receiver android:name="com.china.service.BootReceiverBroadcast">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED"/>
<!-- <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/> -->
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
</application>
</manifest>
到这里服务端就实现完了。
三、客户端实现AIDL的接口调用demo目录结构如下:
gunder@gunder:/mnt/hgfs/ubuntuShare/aidl/SimpleJarClient$ tree
.
├── AndroidManifest.xml
├── Android.mk
├── libs
│ └── simple.jar
├── res
│ ├── drawable-hdpi
│ │ └── ic_launcher.png
│ ├── drawable-ldpi
│ ├── drawable-mdpi
│ │ └── ic_launcher.png
│ ├── drawable-xhdpi
│ │ └── ic_launcher.png
│ ├── drawable-xxhdpi
│ │ └── ic_launcher.png
│ ├── layout
│ │ ├── activity_main.xml
│ │ ├── activity_tss.xml
│ │ └── test.xml
│ ├── menu
│ ├── values
│ │ ├── dimens.xml
│ │ └── strings.xml
│ ├── values-v11
│ ├── values-v14
│ └── values-w820dp
│ └── dimens.xml
└── src
└── com
└── example
└── helloworld
├── TestVoice.java
└── util
└── Logger.java
这里主要看5个文件:Logger.java、 test.xml、TestVoice.java、Android.mk、AndroidManifest.xml,其中Logger.java跟服务端代码一样的。TestVoice.java的实现也很简单,在button调用face方法,具体实现如下:
package com.example.helloworld;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import com.example.helloworld.util.Logger;
public class TestVoice extends Activity{
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.test);
}
public void startVoice(View view){
Logger.d();
}
public void stopVoice(View view){
Logger.d();
com.china.jar.VoiceManager.getInstance().face();
}
public void finishVoice(View view){
Logger.d();
finish();
}
}
test.xml布局如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:onClick="startVoice"
android:text="@string/tts_start"/>
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:onClick="stopVoice"
android:text="@string/tts_stop"/>
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:onClick="finishVoice"
android:text="@string/tts_finish"/>
</LinearLayout>
Android.mk实现如下:
LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(call all-java-files-under, src)
LOCAL_STATIC_JAVA_LIBRARIES := simple
LOCAL_PREBUILT_STATIC_JAVA_LIBRARIES := simple.jar
#LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS :=optional
LOCAL_PACKAGE_NAME := Hello
#LOCAL_CERTIFICATE :=platform
#LOCAL_PRIVILEGED_MODULE := false
#LOCAL_DEX_PREOPT := false
include $(BUILD_PACKAGE)
AndroidManifest.xml实现如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.helloworld"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0" >
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS"/>
<uses-sdk
android:minSdkVersion="8"
android:targetSdkVersion="21" />
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
>
<activity
android:name="com.example.helloworld.TestVoice"
android:label="@string/app_name" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
</manifest>
到这里客户端也实现了。将服务端跟客户端的apk安装到系统就可以测试了。
测试结果打印如下:
来源:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_37547455/article/details/80500752